MCL/sf/os/persistentdata: comparison persistentstorage/sql/SQLite/build.c

equal deleted inserted replaced

--1:000000000000
+:08ec8eefde2f
+/*
+** 2001 September 15
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+** This file contains C code routines that are called by the SQLite parser
+** when syntax rules are reduced.  The routines in this file handle the
+** following kinds of SQL syntax:
+**
+**     CREATE TABLE
+**     DROP TABLE
+**     CREATE INDEX
+**     DROP INDEX
+**     creating ID lists
+**     BEGIN TRANSACTION
+**     COMMIT
+**     ROLLBACK
+**
+** $Id: build.c,v 1.493 2008/08/04 04:39:49 danielk1977 Exp $
+*/
+#include "sqliteInt.h"
+#include <ctype.h>
+/*
+** This routine is called when a new SQL statement is beginning to
+** be parsed.  Initialize the pParse structure as needed.
+*/
+void sqlite3BeginParse(Parse *pParse, int explainFlag){
+pParse->explain = explainFlag;
+pParse->nVar = 0;
+}
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
+/*
+** The TableLock structure is only used by the sqlite3TableLock() and
+** codeTableLocks() functions.
+*/
+struct TableLock {
+int iDb;             /* The database containing the table to be locked */
+int iTab;            /* The root page of the table to be locked */
+u8 isWriteLock;      /* True for write lock.  False for a read lock */
+const char *zName;   /* Name of the table */
+};
+/*
+** Record the fact that we want to lock a table at run-time.
+**
+** The table to be locked has root page iTab and is found in database iDb.
+** A read or a write lock can be taken depending on isWritelock.
+**
+** This routine just records the fact that the lock is desired.  The
+** code to make the lock occur is generated by a later call to
+** codeTableLocks() which occurs during sqlite3FinishCoding().
+*/
+void sqlite3TableLock(
+Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
+int iDb,           /* Index of the database containing the table to lock */
+int iTab,          /* Root page number of the table to be locked */
+u8 isWriteLock,    /* True for a write lock */
+const char *zName  /* Name of the table to be locked */
+){
+int i;
+int nBytes;
+TableLock *p;
+if( iDb<0 ){
+return;
+}
+for(i=0; i<pParse->nTableLock; i++){
+p = &pParse->aTableLock[i];
+if( p->iDb==iDb && p->iTab==iTab ){
+p->isWriteLock = (p->isWriteLock || isWriteLock);
+return;
+}
+}
+nBytes = sizeof(TableLock) * (pParse->nTableLock+1);
+pParse->aTableLock =
+sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(pParse->db, pParse->aTableLock, nBytes);
+if( pParse->aTableLock ){
+p = &pParse->aTableLock[pParse->nTableLock++];
+p->iDb = iDb;
+p->iTab = iTab;
+p->isWriteLock = isWriteLock;
+p->zName = zName;
+}else{
+pParse->nTableLock = 0;
+pParse->db->mallocFailed = 1;
+}
+}
+/*
+** Code an OP_TableLock instruction for each table locked by the
+** statement (configured by calls to sqlite3TableLock()).
+*/
+static void codeTableLocks(Parse *pParse){
+int i;
+Vdbe *pVdbe;
+if( 0==(pVdbe = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse)) ){
+return;
+}
+for(i=0; i<pParse->nTableLock; i++){
+TableLock *p = &pParse->aTableLock[i];
+int p1 = p->iDb;
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(pVdbe, OP_TableLock, p1, p->iTab, p->isWriteLock,
+p->zName, P4_STATIC);
+}
+}
+#else
+#define codeTableLocks(x)
+#endif
+/*
+** This routine is called after a single SQL statement has been
+** parsed and a VDBE program to execute that statement has been
+** prepared.  This routine puts the finishing touches on the
+** VDBE program and resets the pParse structure for the next
+** parse.
+**
+** Note that if an error occurred, it might be the case that
+** no VDBE code was generated.
+*/
+void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse *pParse){
+sqlite3 *db;
+Vdbe *v;
+db = pParse->db;
+if( db->mallocFailed ) return;
+if( pParse->nested ) return;
+if( pParse->nErr ) return;
+/* Begin by generating some termination code at the end of the
+** vdbe program
+*/
+v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+if( v ){
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Halt);
+/* The cookie mask contains one bit for each database file open.
+** (Bit 0 is for main, bit 1 is for temp, and so forth.)  Bits are
+** set for each database that is used.  Generate code to start a
+** transaction on each used database and to verify the schema cookie
+** on each used database.
+*/
+if( pParse->cookieGoto>0 ){
+u32 mask;
+int iDb;
+sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, pParse->cookieGoto-1);
+for(iDb=0, mask=1; iDb<db->nDb; mask<<=1, iDb++){
+if( (mask & pParse->cookieMask)==0 ) continue;
+sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v,OP_Transaction, iDb, (mask & pParse->writeMask)!=0);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v,OP_VerifyCookie, iDb, pParse->cookieValue[iDb]);
+}
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+{
+int i;
+for(i=0; i<pParse->nVtabLock; i++){
+char *vtab = (char *)pParse->apVtabLock[i]->pVtab;
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VBegin, 0, 0, 0, vtab, P4_VTAB);
+}
+pParse->nVtabLock = 0;
+}
+#endif
+/* Once all the cookies have been verified and transactions opened,
+** obtain the required table-locks. This is a no-op unless the
+** shared-cache feature is enabled.
+*/
+codeTableLocks(pParse);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, pParse->cookieGoto);
+}
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
+if( !db->init.busy ){
+/* Change the P4 argument of the first opcode (which will always be
+** an OP_Trace) to be the complete text of the current SQL statement.
+*/
+VdbeOp *pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, 0);
+if( pOp && pOp->opcode==OP_Trace ){
+sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, 0, pParse->zSql, pParse->zTail-pParse->zSql);
+}
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE */
+}
+/* Get the VDBE program ready for execution
+*/
+if( v && pParse->nErr==0 && !db->mallocFailed ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+FILE *trace = (db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeTrace)!=0 ? stdout : 0;
+sqlite3VdbeTrace(v, trace);
+#endif
+assert( pParse->disableColCache==0 );  /* Disables and re-enables match */
+sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, pParse->nVar, pParse->nMem+3,
+pParse->nTab+3, pParse->explain);
+pParse->rc = SQLITE_DONE;
+pParse->colNamesSet = 0;
+}else if( pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+}
+pParse->nTab = 0;
+pParse->nMem = 0;
+pParse->nSet = 0;
+pParse->nVar = 0;
+pParse->cookieMask = 0;
+pParse->cookieGoto = 0;
+}
+/*
+** Run the parser and code generator recursively in order to generate
+** code for the SQL statement given onto the end of the pParse context
+** currently under construction.  When the parser is run recursively
+** this way, the final OP_Halt is not appended and other initialization
+** and finalization steps are omitted because those are handling by the
+** outermost parser.
+**
+** Not everything is nestable.  This facility is designed to permit
+** INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations against SQLITE_MASTER.  Use
+** care if you decide to try to use this routine for some other purposes.
+*/
+void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse *pParse, const char *zFormat, ...){
+va_list ap;
+char *zSql;
+char *zErrMsg = 0;
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+# define SAVE_SZ  (sizeof(Parse) - offsetof(Parse,nVar))
+char saveBuf[SAVE_SZ];
+if( pParse->nErr ) return;
+assert( pParse->nested<10 );  /* Nesting should only be of limited depth */
+va_start(ap, zFormat);
+zSql = sqlite3VMPrintf(db, zFormat, ap);
+va_end(ap);
+if( zSql==0 ){
+return;   /* A malloc must have failed */
+}
+pParse->nested++;
+memcpy(saveBuf, &pParse->nVar, SAVE_SZ);
+memset(&pParse->nVar, 0, SAVE_SZ);
+sqlite3RunParser(pParse, zSql, &zErrMsg);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, zErrMsg);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql);
+memcpy(&pParse->nVar, saveBuf, SAVE_SZ);
+pParse->nested--;
+}
+/*
+** Locate the in-memory structure that describes a particular database
+** table given the name of that table and (optionally) the name of the
+** database containing the table.  Return NULL if not found.
+**
+** If zDatabase is 0, all databases are searched for the table and the
+** first matching table is returned.  (No checking for duplicate table
+** names is done.)  The search order is TEMP first, then MAIN, then any
+** auxiliary databases added using the ATTACH command.
+**
+** See also sqlite3LocateTable().
+*/
+Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, const char *zDatabase){
+Table *p = 0;
+int i;
+int nName;
+assert( zName!=0 );
+nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName) + 1;
+for(i=OMIT_TEMPDB; i<db->nDb; i++){
+int j = (i<2) ? i^1 : i;   /* Search TEMP before MAIN */
+if( zDatabase!=0 && sqlite3StrICmp(zDatabase, db->aDb[j].zName) ) continue;
+p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[j].pSchema->tblHash, zName, nName);
+if( p ) break;
+}
+return p;
+}
+/*
+** Locate the in-memory structure that describes a particular database
+** table given the name of that table and (optionally) the name of the
+** database containing the table.  Return NULL if not found.  Also leave an
+** error message in pParse->zErrMsg.
+**
+** The difference between this routine and sqlite3FindTable() is that this
+** routine leaves an error message in pParse->zErrMsg where
+** sqlite3FindTable() does not.
+*/
+Table *sqlite3LocateTable(
+Parse *pParse,         /* context in which to report errors */
+int isView,            /* True if looking for a VIEW rather than a TABLE */
+const char *zName,     /* Name of the table we are looking for */
+const char *zDbase     /* Name of the database.  Might be NULL */
+){
+Table *p;
+/* Read the database schema. If an error occurs, leave an error message
+** and code in pParse and return NULL. */
+if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
+return 0;
+}
+p = sqlite3FindTable(pParse->db, zName, zDbase);
+if( p==0 ){
+const char *zMsg = isView ? "no such view" : "no such table";
+if( zDbase ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s", zMsg, zDbase, zName);
+}else{
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s", zMsg, zName);
+}
+pParse->checkSchema = 1;
+}
+return p;
+}
+/*
+** Locate the in-memory structure that describes
+** a particular index given the name of that index
+** and the name of the database that contains the index.
+** Return NULL if not found.
+**
+** If zDatabase is 0, all databases are searched for the
+** table and the first matching index is returned.  (No checking
+** for duplicate index names is done.)  The search order is
+** TEMP first, then MAIN, then any auxiliary databases added
+** using the ATTACH command.
+*/
+Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, const char *zDb){
+Index *p = 0;
+int i;
+int nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName)+1;
+for(i=OMIT_TEMPDB; i<db->nDb; i++){
+int j = (i<2) ? i^1 : i;  /* Search TEMP before MAIN */
+Schema *pSchema = db->aDb[j].pSchema;
+if( zDb && sqlite3StrICmp(zDb, db->aDb[j].zName) ) continue;
+assert( pSchema || (j==1 && !db->aDb[1].pBt) );
+if( pSchema ){
+p = sqlite3HashFind(&pSchema->idxHash, zName, nName);
+}
+if( p ) break;
+}
+return p;
+}
+/*
+** Reclaim the memory used by an index
+*/
+static void freeIndex(Index *p){
+sqlite3 *db = p->pTable->db;
+sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zColAff);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
+}
+/*
+** Remove the given index from the index hash table, and free
+** its memory structures.
+**
+** The index is removed from the database hash tables but
+** it is not unlinked from the Table that it indexes.
+** Unlinking from the Table must be done by the calling function.
+*/
+static void sqliteDeleteIndex(Index *p){
+Index *pOld;
+const char *zName = p->zName;
+pOld = sqlite3HashInsert(&p->pSchema->idxHash, zName, strlen(zName)+1, 0);
+assert( pOld==0 || pOld==p );
+freeIndex(p);
+}
+/*
+** For the index called zIdxName which is found in the database iDb,
+** unlike that index from its Table then remove the index from
+** the index hash table and free all memory structures associated
+** with the index.
+*/
+void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zIdxName){
+Index *pIndex;
+int len;
+Hash *pHash = &db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->idxHash;
+len = sqlite3Strlen(db, zIdxName);
+pIndex = sqlite3HashInsert(pHash, zIdxName, len+1, 0);
+if( pIndex ){
+if( pIndex->pTable->pIndex==pIndex ){
+pIndex->pTable->pIndex = pIndex->pNext;
+}else{
+Index *p;
+for(p=pIndex->pTable->pIndex; p && p->pNext!=pIndex; p=p->pNext){}
+if( p && p->pNext==pIndex ){
+p->pNext = pIndex->pNext;
+}
+}
+freeIndex(pIndex);
+}
+db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+}
+/*
+** Erase all schema information from the in-memory hash tables of
+** a single database.  This routine is called to reclaim memory
+** before the database closes.  It is also called during a rollback
+** if there were schema changes during the transaction or if a
+** schema-cookie mismatch occurs.
+**
+** If iDb<=0 then reset the internal schema tables for all database
+** files.  If iDb>=2 then reset the internal schema for only the
+** single file indicated.
+*/
+void sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
+int i, j;
+assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
+if( iDb==0 ){
+sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
+}
+for(i=iDb; i<db->nDb; i++){
+Db *pDb = &db->aDb[i];
+if( pDb->pSchema ){
+assert(i==1 || (pDb->pBt && sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(pDb->pBt)));
+sqlite3SchemaFree(pDb->pSchema);
+}
+if( iDb>0 ) return;
+}
+assert( iDb==0 );
+db->flags &= ~SQLITE_InternChanges;
+sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
+/* If one or more of the auxiliary database files has been closed,
+** then remove them from the auxiliary database list.  We take the
+** opportunity to do this here since we have just deleted all of the
+** schema hash tables and therefore do not have to make any changes
+** to any of those tables.
+*/
+for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
+struct Db *pDb = &db->aDb[i];
+if( pDb->pBt==0 ){
+if( pDb->pAux && pDb->xFreeAux ) pDb->xFreeAux(pDb->pAux);
+pDb->pAux = 0;
+}
+}
+for(i=j=2; i<db->nDb; i++){
+struct Db *pDb = &db->aDb[i];
+if( pDb->pBt==0 ){
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pDb->zName);
+pDb->zName = 0;
+continue;
+}
+if( j<i ){
+db->aDb[j] = db->aDb[i];
+}
+j++;
+}
+memset(&db->aDb[j], 0, (db->nDb-j)*sizeof(db->aDb[j]));
+db->nDb = j;
+if( db->nDb<=2 && db->aDb!=db->aDbStatic ){
+memcpy(db->aDbStatic, db->aDb, 2*sizeof(db->aDb[0]));
+sqlite3DbFree(db, db->aDb);
+db->aDb = db->aDbStatic;
+}
+}
+/*
+** This routine is called when a commit occurs.
+*/
+void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3 *db){
+db->flags &= ~SQLITE_InternChanges;
+}
+/*
+** Clear the column names from a table or view.
+*/
+static void sqliteResetColumnNames(Table *pTable){
+int i;
+Column *pCol;
+sqlite3 *db = pTable->db;
+assert( pTable!=0 );
+if( (pCol = pTable->aCol)!=0 ){
+for(i=0; i<pTable->nCol; i++, pCol++){
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pCol->zName);
+sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCol->pDflt);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pCol->zType);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pCol->zColl);
+}
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->aCol);
+}
+pTable->aCol = 0;
+pTable->nCol = 0;
+}
+/*
+** Remove the memory data structures associated with the given
+** Table.  No changes are made to disk by this routine.
+**
+** This routine just deletes the data structure.  It does not unlink
+** the table data structure from the hash table.  Nor does it remove
+** foreign keys from the sqlite.aFKey hash table.  But it does destroy
+** memory structures of the indices and foreign keys associated with
+** the table.
+*/
+void sqlite3DeleteTable(Table *pTable){
+Index *pIndex, *pNext;
+FKey *pFKey, *pNextFKey;
+sqlite3 *db;
+if( pTable==0 ) return;
+db = pTable->db;
+/* Do not delete the table until the reference count reaches zero. */
+pTable->nRef--;
+if( pTable->nRef>0 ){
+return;
+}
+assert( pTable->nRef==0 );
+/* Delete all indices associated with this table
+*/
+for(pIndex = pTable->pIndex; pIndex; pIndex=pNext){
+pNext = pIndex->pNext;
+assert( pIndex->pSchema==pTable->pSchema );
+sqliteDeleteIndex(pIndex);
+}
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
+/* Delete all foreign keys associated with this table.  The keys
+** should have already been unlinked from the pSchema->aFKey hash table
+*/
+for(pFKey=pTable->pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pNextFKey){
+pNextFKey = pFKey->pNextFrom;
+assert( sqlite3HashFind(&pTable->pSchema->aFKey,
+pFKey->zTo, strlen(pFKey->zTo)+1)!=pFKey );
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pFKey);
+}
+#endif
+/* Delete the Table structure itself.
+*/
+sqliteResetColumnNames(pTable);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->zName);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->zColAff);
+sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pTable->pSelect);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
+sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pTable->pCheck);
+#endif
+sqlite3VtabClear(pTable);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable);
+}
+/*
+** Unlink the given table from the hash tables and the delete the
+** table structure with all its indices and foreign keys.
+*/
+void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zTabName){
+Table *p;
+FKey *pF1, *pF2;
+Db *pDb;
+assert( db!=0 );
+assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
+assert( zTabName && zTabName[0] );
+pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
+p = sqlite3HashInsert(&pDb->pSchema->tblHash, zTabName, strlen(zTabName)+1,0);
+if( p ){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
+for(pF1=p->pFKey; pF1; pF1=pF1->pNextFrom){
+int nTo = strlen(pF1->zTo) + 1;
+pF2 = sqlite3HashFind(&pDb->pSchema->aFKey, pF1->zTo, nTo);
+if( pF2==pF1 ){
+sqlite3HashInsert(&pDb->pSchema->aFKey, pF1->zTo, nTo, pF1->pNextTo);
+}else{
+while( pF2 && pF2->pNextTo!=pF1 ){ pF2=pF2->pNextTo; }
+if( pF2 ){
+pF2->pNextTo = pF1->pNextTo;
+}
+}
+}
+#endif
+sqlite3DeleteTable(p);
+}
+db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+}
+/*
+** Given a token, return a string that consists of the text of that
+** token with any quotations removed.  Space to hold the returned string
+** is obtained from sqliteMalloc() and must be freed by the calling
+** function.
+**
+** Tokens are often just pointers into the original SQL text and so
+** are not \000 terminated and are not persistent.  The returned string
+** is \000 terminated and is persistent.
+*/
+char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3 *db, Token *pName){
+char *zName;
+if( pName ){
+zName = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pName->z, pName->n);
+sqlite3Dequote(zName);
+}else{
+zName = 0;
+}
+return zName;
+}
+/*
+** Open the sqlite_master table stored in database number iDb for
+** writing. The table is opened using cursor 0.
+*/
+void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *p, int iDb){
+Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(p);
+sqlite3TableLock(p, iDb, MASTER_ROOT, 1, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb));
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SetNumColumns, 0, 5);/* sqlite_master has 5 columns */
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenWrite, 0, MASTER_ROOT, iDb);
+}
+/*
+** The token *pName contains the name of a database (either "main" or
+** "temp" or the name of an attached db). This routine returns the
+** index of the named database in db->aDb[], or -1 if the named db
+** does not exist.
+*/
+int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3 *db, Token *pName){
+int i = -1;    /* Database number */
+int n;         /* Number of characters in the name */
+Db *pDb;       /* A database whose name space is being searched */
+char *zName;   /* Name we are searching for */
+zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
+if( zName ){
+n = strlen(zName);
+for(i=(db->nDb-1), pDb=&db->aDb[i]; i>=0; i--, pDb--){
+if( (!OMIT_TEMPDB || i!=1 ) && n==strlen(pDb->zName) &&
+0==sqlite3StrICmp(pDb->zName, zName) ){
+break;
+}
+}
+sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
+}
+return i;
+}
+/* The table or view or trigger name is passed to this routine via tokens
+** pName1 and pName2. If the table name was fully qualified, for example:
+**
+** CREATE TABLE xxx.yyy (...);
+**
+** Then pName1 is set to "xxx" and pName2 "yyy". On the other hand if
+** the table name is not fully qualified, i.e.:
+**
+** CREATE TABLE yyy(...);
+**
+** Then pName1 is set to "yyy" and pName2 is "".
+**
+** This routine sets the *ppUnqual pointer to point at the token (pName1 or
+** pName2) that stores the unqualified table name.  The index of the
+** database "xxx" is returned.
+*/
+int sqlite3TwoPartName(
+Parse *pParse,      /* Parsing and code generating context */
+Token *pName1,      /* The "xxx" in the name "xxx.yyy" or "xxx" */
+Token *pName2,      /* The "yyy" in the name "xxx.yyy" */
+Token **pUnqual     /* Write the unqualified object name here */
+){
+int iDb;                    /* Database holding the object */
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+if( pName2 && pName2->n>0 ){
+assert( !db->init.busy );
+*pUnqual = pName2;
+iDb = sqlite3FindDb(db, pName1);
+if( iDb<0 ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown database %T", pName1);
+pParse->nErr++;
+return -1;
+}
+}else{
+assert( db->init.iDb==0 || db->init.busy );
+iDb = db->init.iDb;
+*pUnqual = pName1;
+}
+return iDb;
+}
+/*
+** This routine is used to check if the UTF-8 string zName is a legal
+** unqualified name for a new schema object (table, index, view or
+** trigger). All names are legal except those that begin with the string
+** "sqlite_" (in upper, lower or mixed case). This portion of the namespace
+** is reserved for internal use.
+*/
+int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *pParse, const char *zName){
+if( !pParse->db->init.busy && pParse->nested==0
+&& (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_WriteSchema)==0
+&& 0==sqlite3StrNICmp(zName, "sqlite_", 7) ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "object name reserved for internal use: %s", zName);
+return SQLITE_ERROR;
+}
+return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+/*
+** Begin constructing a new table representation in memory.  This is
+** the first of several action routines that get called in response
+** to a CREATE TABLE statement.  In particular, this routine is called
+** after seeing tokens "CREATE" and "TABLE" and the table name. The isTemp
+** flag is true if the table should be stored in the auxiliary database
+** file instead of in the main database file.  This is normally the case
+** when the "TEMP" or "TEMPORARY" keyword occurs in between
+** CREATE and TABLE.
+**
+** The new table record is initialized and put in pParse->pNewTable.
+** As more of the CREATE TABLE statement is parsed, additional action
+** routines will be called to add more information to this record.
+** At the end of the CREATE TABLE statement, the sqlite3EndTable() routine
+** is called to complete the construction of the new table record.
+*/
+void sqlite3StartTable(
+Parse *pParse,   /* Parser context */
+Token *pName1,   /* First part of the name of the table or view */
+Token *pName2,   /* Second part of the name of the table or view */
+int isTemp,      /* True if this is a TEMP table */
+int isView,      /* True if this is a VIEW */
+int isVirtual,   /* True if this is a VIRTUAL table */
+int noErr        /* Do nothing if table already exists */
+){
+Table *pTable;
+char *zName = 0; /* The name of the new table */
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+Vdbe *v;
+int iDb;         /* Database number to create the table in */
+Token *pName;    /* Unqualified name of the table to create */
+/* The table or view name to create is passed to this routine via tokens
+** pName1 and pName2. If the table name was fully qualified, for example:
+**
+** CREATE TABLE xxx.yyy (...);
+**
+** Then pName1 is set to "xxx" and pName2 "yyy". On the other hand if
+** the table name is not fully qualified, i.e.:
+**
+** CREATE TABLE yyy(...);
+**
+** Then pName1 is set to "yyy" and pName2 is "".
+**
+** The call below sets the pName pointer to point at the token (pName1 or
+** pName2) that stores the unqualified table name. The variable iDb is
+** set to the index of the database that the table or view is to be
+** created in.
+*/
+iDb = sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pName1, pName2, &pName);
+if( iDb<0 ) return;
+if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && isTemp && iDb>1 ){
+/* If creating a temp table, the name may not be qualified */
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "temporary table name must be unqualified");
+return;
+}
+if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && isTemp ) iDb = 1;
+pParse->sNameToken = *pName;
+zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
+if( zName==0 ) return;
+if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3CheckObjectName(pParse, zName) ){
+goto begin_table_error;
+}
+if( db->init.iDb==1 ) isTemp = 1;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
+assert( (isTemp & 1)==isTemp );
+{
+int code;
+char *zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
+if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_INSERT, SCHEMA_TABLE(isTemp), 0, zDb) ){
+goto begin_table_error;
+}
+if( isView ){
+if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && isTemp ){
+code = SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW;
+}else{
+code = SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW;
+}
+}else{
+if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && isTemp ){
+code = SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE;
+}else{
+code = SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE;
+}
+}
+if( !isVirtual && sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, code, zName, 0, zDb) ){
+goto begin_table_error;
+}
+}
+#endif
+/* Make sure the new table name does not collide with an existing
+** index or table name in the same database.  Issue an error message if
+** it does. The exception is if the statement being parsed was passed
+** to an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call. In that case only the column names
+** and types will be used, so there is no need to test for namespace
+** collisions.
+*/
+if( !IN_DECLARE_VTAB ){
+if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
+goto begin_table_error;
+}
+pTable = sqlite3FindTable(db, zName, db->aDb[iDb].zName);
+if( pTable ){
+if( !noErr ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %T already exists", pName);
+}
+goto begin_table_error;
+}
+if( sqlite3FindIndex(db, zName, 0)!=0 && (iDb==0 || !db->init.busy) ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "there is already an index named %s", zName);
+goto begin_table_error;
+}
+}
+pTable = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table));
+if( pTable==0 ){
+db->mallocFailed = 1;
+pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+pParse->nErr++;
+goto begin_table_error;
+}
+pTable->zName = zName;
+pTable->iPKey = -1;
+pTable->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
+pTable->nRef = 1;
+pTable->db = db;
+if( pParse->pNewTable ) sqlite3DeleteTable(pParse->pNewTable);
+pParse->pNewTable = pTable;
+/* If this is the magic sqlite_sequence table used by autoincrement,
+** then record a pointer to this table in the main database structure
+** so that INSERT can find the table easily.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
+if( !pParse->nested && strcmp(zName, "sqlite_sequence")==0 ){
+pTable->pSchema->pSeqTab = pTable;
+}
+#endif
+/* Begin generating the code that will insert the table record into
+** the SQLITE_MASTER table.  Note in particular that we must go ahead
+** and allocate the record number for the table entry now.  Before any
+** PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE keywords are parsed.  Those keywords will cause
+** indices to be created and the table record must come before the
+** indices.  Hence, the record number for the table must be allocated
+** now.
+*/
+if( !db->init.busy && (v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse))!=0 ){
+int j1;
+int fileFormat;
+int reg1, reg2, reg3;
+sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+if( isVirtual ){
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_VBegin);
+}
+#endif
+/* If the file format and encoding in the database have not been set,
+** set them now.
+*/
+reg1 = pParse->regRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
+reg2 = pParse->regRoot = ++pParse->nMem;
+reg3 = ++pParse->nMem;
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_ReadCookie, iDb, reg3, 1);   /* file_format */
+sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb);
+j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, reg3);
+fileFormat = (db->flags & SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt)!=0 ?
+1 : SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT;
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, fileFormat, reg3);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, 1, reg3);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, ENC(db), reg3);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, 4, reg3);
+sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
+/* This just creates a place-holder record in the sqlite_master table.
+** The record created does not contain anything yet.  It will be replaced
+** by the real entry in code generated at sqlite3EndTable().
+**
+** The rowid for the new entry is left on the top of the stack.
+** The rowid value is needed by the code that sqlite3EndTable will
+** generate.
+*/
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
+if( isView || isVirtual ){
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, reg2);
+}else
+#endif
+{
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_CreateTable, iDb, reg2);
+}
+sqlite3OpenMasterTable(pParse, iDb);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, 0, reg1);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, reg3);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, 0, reg3, reg1);
+sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Close);
+}
+/* Normal (non-error) return. */
+return;
+/* If an error occurs, we jump here */
+begin_table_error:
+sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
+return;
+}
+/*
+** This macro is used to compare two strings in a case-insensitive manner.
+** It is slightly faster than calling sqlite3StrICmp() directly, but
+** produces larger code.
+**
+** WARNING: This macro is not compatible with the strcmp() family. It
+** returns true if the two strings are equal, otherwise false.
+*/
+#define STRICMP(x, y) (\
+sqlite3UpperToLower[*(unsigned char *)(x)]==   \
+sqlite3UpperToLower[*(unsigned char *)(y)]     \
+&& sqlite3StrICmp((x)+1,(y)+1)==0 )
+/*
+** Add a new column to the table currently being constructed.
+**
+** The parser calls this routine once for each column declaration
+** in a CREATE TABLE statement.  sqlite3StartTable() gets called
+** first to get things going.  Then this routine is called for each
+** column.
+*/
+void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse *pParse, Token *pName){
+Table *p;
+int i;
+char *z;
+Column *pCol;
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+if( (p = pParse->pNewTable)==0 ) return;
+#if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
+if( p->nCol+1>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many columns on %s", p->zName);
+return;
+}
+#endif
+z = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, pName);
+if( z==0 ) return;
+for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++){
+if( STRICMP(z, p->aCol[i].zName) ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "duplicate column name: %s", z);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
+return;
+}
+}
+if( (p->nCol & 0x7)==0 ){
+Column *aNew;
+aNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(pParse->db,p->aCol,(p->nCol+8)*sizeof(p->aCol[0]));
+if( aNew==0 ){
+sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
+return;
+}
+p->aCol = aNew;
+}
+pCol = &p->aCol[p->nCol];
+memset(pCol, 0, sizeof(p->aCol[0]));
+pCol->zName = z;
+/* If there is no type specified, columns have the default affinity
+** 'NONE'. If there is a type specified, then sqlite3AddColumnType() will
+** be called next to set pCol->affinity correctly.
+*/
+pCol->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
+p->nCol++;
+}
+/*
+** This routine is called by the parser while in the middle of
+** parsing a CREATE TABLE statement.  A "NOT NULL" constraint has
+** been seen on a column.  This routine sets the notNull flag on
+** the column currently under construction.
+*/
+void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse *pParse, int onError){
+Table *p;
+int i;
+if( (p = pParse->pNewTable)==0 ) return;
+i = p->nCol-1;
+if( i>=0 ) p->aCol[i].notNull = onError;
+}
+/*
+** Scan the column type name zType (length nType) and return the
+** associated affinity type.
+**
+** This routine does a case-independent search of zType for the
+** substrings in the following table. If one of the substrings is
+** found, the corresponding affinity is returned. If zType contains
+** more than one of the substrings, entries toward the top of
+** the table take priority. For example, if zType is 'BLOBINT',
+** SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER is returned.
+**
+** Substring     | Affinity
+** --------------------------------
+** 'INT'         | SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER
+** 'CHAR'        | SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
+** 'CLOB'        | SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
+** 'TEXT'        | SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
+** 'BLOB'        | SQLITE_AFF_NONE
+** 'REAL'        | SQLITE_AFF_REAL
+** 'FLOA'        | SQLITE_AFF_REAL
+** 'DOUB'        | SQLITE_AFF_REAL
+**
+** If none of the substrings in the above table are found,
+** SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC is returned.
+*/
+char sqlite3AffinityType(const Token *pType){
+u32 h = 0;
+char aff = SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
+const unsigned char *zIn = pType->z;
+const unsigned char *zEnd = &pType->z[pType->n];
+while( zIn!=zEnd ){
+h = (h<<8) + sqlite3UpperToLower[*zIn];
+zIn++;
+if( h==(('c'<<24)+('h'<<16)+('a'<<8)+'r') ){             /* CHAR */
+aff = SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
+}else if( h==(('c'<<24)+('l'<<16)+('o'<<8)+'b') ){       /* CLOB */
+aff = SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
+}else if( h==(('t'<<24)+('e'<<16)+('x'<<8)+'t') ){       /* TEXT */
+aff = SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
+}else if( h==(('b'<<24)+('l'<<16)+('o'<<8)+'b')          /* BLOB */
+&& (aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC || aff==SQLITE_AFF_REAL) ){
+aff = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
+}else if( h==(('r'<<24)+('e'<<16)+('a'<<8)+'l')          /* REAL */
+&& aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
+aff = SQLITE_AFF_REAL;
+}else if( h==(('f'<<24)+('l'<<16)+('o'<<8)+'a')          /* FLOA */
+&& aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
+aff = SQLITE_AFF_REAL;
+}else if( h==(('d'<<24)+('o'<<16)+('u'<<8)+'b')          /* DOUB */
+&& aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
+aff = SQLITE_AFF_REAL;
+#endif
+}else if( (h&0x00FFFFFF)==(('i'<<16)+('n'<<8)+'t') ){    /* INT */
+aff = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
+break;
+}
+}
+return aff;
+}
+/*
+** This routine is called by the parser while in the middle of
+** parsing a CREATE TABLE statement.  The pFirst token is the first
+** token in the sequence of tokens that describe the type of the
+** column currently under construction.   pLast is the last token
+** in the sequence.  Use this information to construct a string
+** that contains the typename of the column and store that string
+** in zType.
+*/
+void sqlite3AddColumnType(Parse *pParse, Token *pType){
+Table *p;
+int i;
+Column *pCol;
+sqlite3 *db;
+if( (p = pParse->pNewTable)==0 ) return;
+i = p->nCol-1;
+if( i<0 ) return;
+pCol = &p->aCol[i];
+db = pParse->db;
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pCol->zType);
+pCol->zType = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pType);
+pCol->affinity = sqlite3AffinityType(pType);
+}
+/*
+** The expression is the default value for the most recently added column
+** of the table currently under construction.
+**
+** Default value expressions must be constant.  Raise an exception if this
+** is not the case.
+**
+** This routine is called by the parser while in the middle of
+** parsing a CREATE TABLE statement.
+*/
+void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
+Table *p;
+Column *pCol;
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+if( (p = pParse->pNewTable)!=0 ){
+pCol = &(p->aCol[p->nCol-1]);
+if( !sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(pExpr) ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "default value of column [%s] is not constant",
+pCol->zName);
+}else{
+Expr *pCopy;
+sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCol->pDflt);
+pCol->pDflt = pCopy = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr);
+if( pCopy ){
+sqlite3TokenCopy(db, &pCopy->span, &pExpr->span);
+}
+}
+}
+sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
+}
+/*
+** Designate the PRIMARY KEY for the table.  pList is a list of names
+** of columns that form the primary key.  If pList is NULL, then the
+** most recently added column of the table is the primary key.
+**
+** A table can have at most one primary key.  If the table already has
+** a primary key (and this is the second primary key) then create an
+** error.
+**
+** If the PRIMARY KEY is on a single column whose datatype is INTEGER,
+** then we will try to use that column as the rowid.  Set the Table.iPKey
+** field of the table under construction to be the index of the
+** INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column.  Table.iPKey is set to -1 if there is
+** no INTEGER PRIMARY KEY.
+**
+** If the key is not an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, then create a unique
+** index for the key.  No index is created for INTEGER PRIMARY KEYs.
+*/
+void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(
+Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing context */
+ExprList *pList,  /* List of field names to be indexed */
+int onError,      /* What to do with a uniqueness conflict */
+int autoInc,      /* True if the AUTOINCREMENT keyword is present */
+int sortOrder     /* SQLITE_SO_ASC or SQLITE_SO_DESC */
+){
+Table *pTab = pParse->pNewTable;
+char *zType = 0;
+int iCol = -1, i;
+if( pTab==0 || IN_DECLARE_VTAB ) goto primary_key_exit;
+if( pTab->hasPrimKey ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+"table \"%s\" has more than one primary key", pTab->zName);
+goto primary_key_exit;
+}
+pTab->hasPrimKey = 1;
+if( pList==0 ){
+iCol = pTab->nCol - 1;
+pTab->aCol[iCol].isPrimKey = 1;
+}else{
+for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
+for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
+if( sqlite3StrICmp(pList->a[i].zName, pTab->aCol[iCol].zName)==0 ){
+break;
+}
+}
+if( iCol<pTab->nCol ){
+pTab->aCol[iCol].isPrimKey = 1;
+}
+}
+if( pList->nExpr>1 ) iCol = -1;
+}
+if( iCol>=0 && iCol<pTab->nCol ){
+zType = pTab->aCol[iCol].zType;
+}
+if( zType && sqlite3StrICmp(zType, "INTEGER")==0
+&& sortOrder==SQLITE_SO_ASC ){
+pTab->iPKey = iCol;
+pTab->keyConf = onError;
+pTab->autoInc = autoInc;
+}else if( autoInc ){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "AUTOINCREMENT is only allowed on an "
+"INTEGER PRIMARY KEY");
+#endif
+}else{
+sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, 0, 0, 0, pList, onError, 0, 0, sortOrder, 0);
+pList = 0;
+}
+primary_key_exit:
+sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
+return;
+}
+/*
+** Add a new CHECK constraint to the table currently under construction.
+*/
+void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(
+Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing context */
+Expr *pCheckExpr  /* The check expression */
+){
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
+Table *pTab = pParse->pNewTable;
+if( pTab && !IN_DECLARE_VTAB ){
+/* The CHECK expression must be duplicated so that tokens refer
+** to malloced space and not the (ephemeral) text of the CREATE TABLE
+** statement */
+pTab->pCheck = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pTab->pCheck,
+sqlite3ExprDup(db, pCheckExpr));
+}
+#endif
+sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCheckExpr);
+}
+/*
+** Set the collation function of the most recently parsed table column
+** to the CollSeq given.
+*/
+void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse *pParse, Token *pToken){
+Table *p;
+int i;
+char *zColl;              /* Dequoted name of collation sequence */
+sqlite3 *db;
+if( (p = pParse->pNewTable)==0 ) return;
+i = p->nCol-1;
+db = pParse->db;
+zColl = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pToken);
+if( !zColl ) return;
+if( sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, zColl, -1) ){
+Index *pIdx;
+p->aCol[i].zColl = zColl;
+/* If the column is declared as "<name> PRIMARY KEY COLLATE <type>",
+** then an index may have been created on this column before the
+** collation type was added. Correct this if it is the case.
+*/
+for(pIdx=p->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
+assert( pIdx->nColumn==1 );
+if( pIdx->aiColumn[0]==i ){
+pIdx->azColl[0] = p->aCol[i].zColl;
+}
+}
+}else{
+sqlite3DbFree(db, zColl);
+}
+}
+/*
+** This function returns the collation sequence for database native text
+** encoding identified by the string zName, length nName.
+**
+** If the requested collation sequence is not available, or not available
+** in the database native encoding, the collation factory is invoked to
+** request it. If the collation factory does not supply such a sequence,
+** and the sequence is available in another text encoding, then that is
+** returned instead.
+**
+** If no versions of the requested collations sequence are available, or
+** another error occurs, NULL is returned and an error message written into
+** pParse.
+**
+** This routine is a wrapper around sqlite3FindCollSeq().  This routine
+** invokes the collation factory if the named collation cannot be found
+** and generates an error message.
+*/
+CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char *zName, int nName){
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+u8 enc = ENC(db);
+u8 initbusy = db->init.busy;
+CollSeq *pColl;
+pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, enc, zName, nName, initbusy);
+if( !initbusy && (!pColl || !pColl->xCmp) ){
+pColl = sqlite3GetCollSeq(db, pColl, zName, nName);
+if( !pColl ){
+if( nName<0 ){
+nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName);
+}
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such collation sequence: %.*s", nName, zName);
+pColl = 0;
+}
+}
+return pColl;
+}
+/*
+** Generate code that will increment the schema cookie.
+**
+** The schema cookie is used to determine when the schema for the
+** database changes.  After each schema change, the cookie value
+** changes.  When a process first reads the schema it records the
+** cookie.  Thereafter, whenever it goes to access the database,
+** it checks the cookie to make sure the schema has not changed
+** since it was last read.
+**
+** This plan is not completely bullet-proof.  It is possible for
+** the schema to change multiple times and for the cookie to be
+** set back to prior value.  But schema changes are infrequent
+** and the probability of hitting the same cookie value is only
+** 1 chance in 2^32.  So we're safe enough.
+*/
+void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
+int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->schema_cookie+1, r1);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, 0, r1);
+sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
+}
+/*
+** Measure the number of characters needed to output the given
+** identifier.  The number returned includes any quotes used
+** but does not include the null terminator.
+**
+** The estimate is conservative.  It might be larger that what is
+** really needed.
+*/
+static int identLength(const char *z){
+int n;
+for(n=0; *z; n++, z++){
+if( *z=='"' ){ n++; }
+}
+return n + 2;
+}
+/*
+** Write an identifier onto the end of the given string.  Add
+** quote characters as needed.
+*/
+static void identPut(char *z, int *pIdx, char *zSignedIdent){
+unsigned char *zIdent = (unsigned char*)zSignedIdent;
+int i, j, needQuote;
+i = *pIdx;
+for(j=0; zIdent[j]; j++){
+if( !isalnum(zIdent[j]) && zIdent[j]!='_' ) break;
+}
+needQuote =  zIdent[j]!=0 || isdigit(zIdent[0])
+|| sqlite3KeywordCode(zIdent, j)!=TK_ID;
+if( needQuote ) z[i++] = '"';
+for(j=0; zIdent[j]; j++){
+z[i++] = zIdent[j];
+if( zIdent[j]=='"' ) z[i++] = '"';
+}
+if( needQuote ) z[i++] = '"';
+z[i] = 0;
+*pIdx = i;
+}
+/*
+** Generate a CREATE TABLE statement appropriate for the given
+** table.  Memory to hold the text of the statement is obtained
+** from sqliteMalloc() and must be freed by the calling function.
+*/
+static char *createTableStmt(sqlite3 *db, Table *p, int isTemp){
+int i, k, n;
+char *zStmt;
+char *zSep, *zSep2, *zEnd, *z;
+Column *pCol;
+n = 0;
+for(pCol = p->aCol, i=0; i<p->nCol; i++, pCol++){
+n += identLength(pCol->zName);
+z = pCol->zType;
+if( z ){
+n += (strlen(z) + 1);
+}
+}
+n += identLength(p->zName);
+if( n<50 ){
+zSep = "";
+zSep2 = ",";
+zEnd = ")";
+}else{
+zSep = "\n  ";
+zSep2 = ",\n  ";
+zEnd = "\n)";
+}
+n += 35 + 6*p->nCol;
+zStmt = sqlite3Malloc( n );
+if( zStmt==0 ){
+db->mallocFailed = 1;
+return 0;
+}
+sqlite3_snprintf(n, zStmt,
+!OMIT_TEMPDB&&isTemp ? "CREATE TEMP TABLE ":"CREATE TABLE ");
+k = strlen(zStmt);
+identPut(zStmt, &k, p->zName);
+zStmt[k++] = '(';
+for(pCol=p->aCol, i=0; i<p->nCol; i++, pCol++){
+sqlite3_snprintf(n-k, &zStmt[k], zSep);
+k += strlen(&zStmt[k]);
+zSep = zSep2;
+identPut(zStmt, &k, pCol->zName);
+if( (z = pCol->zType)!=0 ){
+zStmt[k++] = ' ';
+assert( strlen(z)+k+1<=n );
+sqlite3_snprintf(n-k, &zStmt[k], "%s", z);
+k += strlen(z);
+}
+}
+sqlite3_snprintf(n-k, &zStmt[k], "%s", zEnd);
+return zStmt;
+}
+/*
+** This routine is called to report the final ")" that terminates
+** a CREATE TABLE statement.
+**
+** The table structure that other action routines have been building
+** is added to the internal hash tables, assuming no errors have
+** occurred.
+**
+** An entry for the table is made in the master table on disk, unless
+** this is a temporary table or db->init.busy==1.  When db->init.busy==1
+** it means we are reading the sqlite_master table because we just
+** connected to the database or because the sqlite_master table has
+** recently changed, so the entry for this table already exists in
+** the sqlite_master table.  We do not want to create it again.
+**
+** If the pSelect argument is not NULL, it means that this routine
+** was called to create a table generated from a
+** "CREATE TABLE ... AS SELECT ..." statement.  The column names of
+** the new table will match the result set of the SELECT.
+*/
+void sqlite3EndTable(
+Parse *pParse,          /* Parse context */
+Token *pCons,           /* The ',' token after the last column defn. */
+Token *pEnd,            /* The final ')' token in the CREATE TABLE */
+Select *pSelect         /* Select from a "CREATE ... AS SELECT" */
+){
+Table *p;
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+int iDb;
+if( (pEnd==0 && pSelect==0) || pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ) {
+return;
+}
+p = pParse->pNewTable;
+if( p==0 ) return;
+assert( !db->init.busy || !pSelect );
+iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, p->pSchema);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
+/* Resolve names in all CHECK constraint expressions.
+*/
+if( p->pCheck ){
+SrcList sSrc;                   /* Fake SrcList for pParse->pNewTable */
+NameContext sNC;                /* Name context for pParse->pNewTable */
+memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
+memset(&sSrc, 0, sizeof(sSrc));
+sSrc.nSrc = 1;
+sSrc.a[0].zName = p->zName;
+sSrc.a[0].pTab = p;
+sSrc.a[0].iCursor = -1;
+sNC.pParse = pParse;
+sNC.pSrcList = &sSrc;
+sNC.isCheck = 1;
+if( sqlite3ExprResolveNames(&sNC, p->pCheck) ){
+return;
+}
+}
+#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK) */
+/* If the db->init.busy is 1 it means we are reading the SQL off the
+** "sqlite_master" or "sqlite_temp_master" table on the disk.
+** So do not write to the disk again.  Extract the root page number
+** for the table from the db->init.newTnum field.  (The page number
+** should have been put there by the sqliteOpenCb routine.)
+*/
+if( db->init.busy ){
+p->tnum = db->init.newTnum;
+}
+/* If not initializing, then create a record for the new table
+** in the SQLITE_MASTER table of the database.  The record number
+** for the new table entry should already be on the stack.
+**
+** If this is a TEMPORARY table, write the entry into the auxiliary
+** file instead of into the main database file.
+*/
+if( !db->init.busy ){
+int n;
+Vdbe *v;
+char *zType;    /* "view" or "table" */
+char *zType2;   /* "VIEW" or "TABLE" */
+char *zStmt;    /* Text of the CREATE TABLE or CREATE VIEW statement */
+v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+if( v==0 ) return;
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, 0);
+/* Create the rootpage for the new table and push it onto the stack.
+** A view has no rootpage, so just push a zero onto the stack for
+** views.  Initialize zType at the same time.
+*/
+if( p->pSelect==0 ){
+/* A regular table */
+zType = "table";
+zType2 = "TABLE";
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
+}else{
+/* A view */
+zType = "view";
+zType2 = "VIEW";
+#endif
+}
+/* If this is a CREATE TABLE xx AS SELECT ..., execute the SELECT
+** statement to populate the new table. The root-page number for the
+** new table is on the top of the vdbe stack.
+**
+** Once the SELECT has been coded by sqlite3Select(), it is in a
+** suitable state to query for the column names and types to be used
+** by the new table.
+**
+** A shared-cache write-lock is not required to write to the new table,
+** as a schema-lock must have already been obtained to create it. Since
+** a schema-lock excludes all other database users, the write-lock would
+** be redundant.
+*/
+if( pSelect ){
+SelectDest dest;
+Table *pSelTab;
+assert(pParse->nTab==0);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenWrite, 1, pParse->regRoot, iDb);
+sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);
+pParse->nTab = 2;
+sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Table, 1);
+sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest, 0, 0, 0);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, 1);
+if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
+pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, 0, pSelect);
+if( pSelTab==0 ) return;
+assert( p->aCol==0 );
+p->nCol = pSelTab->nCol;
+p->aCol = pSelTab->aCol;
+pSelTab->nCol = 0;
+pSelTab->aCol = 0;
+sqlite3DeleteTable(pSelTab);
+}
+}
+/* Compute the complete text of the CREATE statement */
+if( pSelect ){
+zStmt = createTableStmt(db, p, p->pSchema==db->aDb[1].pSchema);
+}else{
+n = pEnd->z - pParse->sNameToken.z + 1;
+zStmt = sqlite3MPrintf(db,
+"CREATE %s %.*s", zType2, n, pParse->sNameToken.z
+);
+}
+/* A slot for the record has already been allocated in the
+** SQLITE_MASTER table.  We just need to update that slot with all
+** the information we've collected.  The rowid for the preallocated
+** slot is the 2nd item on the stack.  The top of the stack is the
+** root page for the new table (or a 0 if this is a view).
+*/
+sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+"UPDATE %Q.%s "
+"SET type='%s', name=%Q, tbl_name=%Q, rootpage=#%d, sql=%Q "
+"WHERE rowid=#%d",
+db->aDb[iDb].zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb),
+zType,
+p->zName,
+p->zName,
+pParse->regRoot,
+zStmt,
+pParse->regRowid
+);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, zStmt);
+sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
+/* Check to see if we need to create an sqlite_sequence table for
+** keeping track of autoincrement keys.
+*/
+if( p->autoInc ){
+Db *pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
+if( pDb->pSchema->pSeqTab==0 ){
+sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+"CREATE TABLE %Q.sqlite_sequence(name,seq)",
+pDb->zName
+);
+}
+}
+#endif
+/* Reparse everything to update our internal data structures */
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_ParseSchema, iDb, 0, 0,
+sqlite3MPrintf(db, "tbl_name='%q'",p->zName), P4_DYNAMIC);
+}
+/* Add the table to the in-memory representation of the database.
+*/
+if( db->init.busy && pParse->nErr==0 ){
+Table *pOld;
+FKey *pFKey;
+Schema *pSchema = p->pSchema;
+pOld = sqlite3HashInsert(&pSchema->tblHash, p->zName, strlen(p->zName)+1,p);
+if( pOld ){
+assert( p==pOld );  /* Malloc must have failed inside HashInsert() */
+db->mallocFailed = 1;
+return;
+}
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
+for(pFKey=p->pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextFrom){
+void *data;
+int nTo = strlen(pFKey->zTo) + 1;
+pFKey->pNextTo = sqlite3HashFind(&pSchema->aFKey, pFKey->zTo, nTo);
+data = sqlite3HashInsert(&pSchema->aFKey, pFKey->zTo, nTo, pFKey);
+if( data==(void *)pFKey ){
+db->mallocFailed = 1;
+}
+}
+#endif
+pParse->pNewTable = 0;
+db->nTable++;
+db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
+if( !p->pSelect ){
+const char *zName = (const char *)pParse->sNameToken.z;
+int nName;
+assert( !pSelect && pCons && pEnd );
+if( pCons->z==0 ){
+pCons = pEnd;
+}
+nName = (const char *)pCons->z - zName;
+p->addColOffset = 13 + sqlite3Utf8CharLen(zName, nName);
+}
+#endif
+}
+}
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
+/*
+** The parser calls this routine in order to create a new VIEW
+*/
+void sqlite3CreateView(
+Parse *pParse,     /* The parsing context */
+Token *pBegin,     /* The CREATE token that begins the statement */
+Token *pName1,     /* The token that holds the name of the view */
+Token *pName2,     /* The token that holds the name of the view */
+Select *pSelect,   /* A SELECT statement that will become the new view */
+int isTemp,        /* TRUE for a TEMPORARY view */
+int noErr          /* Suppress error messages if VIEW already exists */
+){
+Table *p;
+int n;
+const unsigned char *z;
+Token sEnd;
+DbFixer sFix;
+Token *pName;
+int iDb;
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+if( pParse->nVar>0 ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "parameters are not allowed in views");
+sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
+return;
+}
+sqlite3StartTable(pParse, pName1, pName2, isTemp, 1, 0, noErr);
+p = pParse->pNewTable;
+if( p==0 || pParse->nErr ){
+sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
+return;
+}
+sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pName1, pName2, &pName);
+iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, p->pSchema);
+if( sqlite3FixInit(&sFix, pParse, iDb, "view", pName)
+&& sqlite3FixSelect(&sFix, pSelect)
+){
+sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
+return;
+}
+/* Make a copy of the entire SELECT statement that defines the view.
+** This will force all the Expr.token.z values to be dynamically
+** allocated rather than point to the input string - which means that
+** they will persist after the current sqlite3_exec() call returns.
+*/
+p->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pSelect);
+sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
+if( db->mallocFailed ){
+return;
+}
+if( !db->init.busy ){
+sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, p);
+}
+/* Locate the end of the CREATE VIEW statement.  Make sEnd point to
+** the end.
+*/
+sEnd = pParse->sLastToken;
+if( sEnd.z[0]!=0 && sEnd.z[0]!=';' ){
+sEnd.z += sEnd.n;
+}
+sEnd.n = 0;
+n = sEnd.z - pBegin->z;
+z = (const unsigned char*)pBegin->z;
+while( n>0 && (z[n-1]==';' || isspace(z[n-1])) ){ n--; }
+sEnd.z = &z[n-1];
+sEnd.n = 1;
+/* Use sqlite3EndTable() to add the view to the SQLITE_MASTER table */
+sqlite3EndTable(pParse, 0, &sEnd, 0);
+return;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW */
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
+/*
+** The Table structure pTable is really a VIEW.  Fill in the names of
+** the columns of the view in the pTable structure.  Return the number
+** of errors.  If an error is seen leave an error message in pParse->zErrMsg.
+*/
+int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Table *pTable){
+Table *pSelTab;   /* A fake table from which we get the result set */
+Select *pSel;     /* Copy of the SELECT that implements the view */
+int nErr = 0;     /* Number of errors encountered */
+int n;            /* Temporarily holds the number of cursors assigned */
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* Database connection for malloc errors */
+int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*);
+assert( pTable );
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+if( sqlite3VtabCallConnect(pParse, pTable) ){
+return SQLITE_ERROR;
+}
+if( IsVirtual(pTable) ) return 0;
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
+/* A positive nCol means the columns names for this view are
+** already known.
+*/
+if( pTable->nCol>0 ) return 0;
+/* A negative nCol is a special marker meaning that we are currently
+** trying to compute the column names.  If we enter this routine with
+** a negative nCol, it means two or more views form a loop, like this:
+**
+**     CREATE VIEW one AS SELECT * FROM two;
+**     CREATE VIEW two AS SELECT * FROM one;
+**
+** Actually, this error is caught previously and so the following test
+** should always fail.  But we will leave it in place just to be safe.
+*/
+if( pTable->nCol<0 ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "view %s is circularly defined", pTable->zName);
+return 1;
+}
+assert( pTable->nCol>=0 );
+/* If we get this far, it means we need to compute the table names.
+** Note that the call to sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect() will expand any
+** "*" elements in the results set of the view and will assign cursors
+** to the elements of the FROM clause.  But we do not want these changes
+** to be permanent.  So the computation is done on a copy of the SELECT
+** statement that defines the view.
+*/
+assert( pTable->pSelect );
+pSel = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pTable->pSelect);
+if( pSel ){
+n = pParse->nTab;
+sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(pParse, pSel->pSrc);
+pTable->nCol = -1;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
+xAuth = db->xAuth;
+db->xAuth = 0;
+pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, 0, pSel);
+db->xAuth = xAuth;
+#else
+pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, 0, pSel);
+#endif
+pParse->nTab = n;
+if( pSelTab ){
+assert( pTable->aCol==0 );
+pTable->nCol = pSelTab->nCol;
+pTable->aCol = pSelTab->aCol;
+pSelTab->nCol = 0;
+pSelTab->aCol = 0;
+sqlite3DeleteTable(pSelTab);
+pTable->pSchema->flags |= DB_UnresetViews;
+}else{
+pTable->nCol = 0;
+nErr++;
+}
+sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSel);
+} else {
+nErr++;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW */
+return nErr;
+}
+#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
+/*
+** Clear the column names from every VIEW in database idx.
+*/
+static void sqliteViewResetAll(sqlite3 *db, int idx){
+HashElem *i;
+if( !DbHasProperty(db, idx, DB_UnresetViews) ) return;
+for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aDb[idx].pSchema->tblHash); i;i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
+Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(i);
+if( pTab->pSelect ){
+sqliteResetColumnNames(pTab);
+}
+}
+DbClearProperty(db, idx, DB_UnresetViews);
+}
+#else
+# define sqliteViewResetAll(A,B)
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW */
+/*
+** This function is called by the VDBE to adjust the internal schema
+** used by SQLite when the btree layer moves a table root page. The
+** root-page of a table or index in database iDb has changed from iFrom
+** to iTo.
+**
+** Ticket #1728:  The symbol table might still contain information
+** on tables and/or indices that are the process of being deleted.
+** If you are unlucky, one of those deleted indices or tables might
+** have the same rootpage number as the real table or index that is
+** being moved.  So we cannot stop searching after the first match
+** because the first match might be for one of the deleted indices
+** or tables and not the table/index that is actually being moved.
+** We must continue looping until all tables and indices with
+** rootpage==iFrom have been converted to have a rootpage of iTo
+** in order to be certain that we got the right one.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
+void sqlite3RootPageMoved(Db *pDb, int iFrom, int iTo){
+HashElem *pElem;
+Hash *pHash;
+pHash = &pDb->pSchema->tblHash;
+for(pElem=sqliteHashFirst(pHash); pElem; pElem=sqliteHashNext(pElem)){
+Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(pElem);
+if( pTab->tnum==iFrom ){
+pTab->tnum = iTo;
+}
+}
+pHash = &pDb->pSchema->idxHash;
+for(pElem=sqliteHashFirst(pHash); pElem; pElem=sqliteHashNext(pElem)){
+Index *pIdx = sqliteHashData(pElem);
+if( pIdx->tnum==iFrom ){
+pIdx->tnum = iTo;
+}
+}
+}
+#endif
+/*
+** Write code to erase the table with root-page iTable from database iDb.
+** Also write code to modify the sqlite_master table and internal schema
+** if a root-page of another table is moved by the btree-layer whilst
+** erasing iTable (this can happen with an auto-vacuum database).
+*/
+static void destroyRootPage(Parse *pParse, int iTable, int iDb){
+Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Destroy, iTable, r1, iDb);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
+/* OP_Destroy stores an in integer r1. If this integer
+** is non-zero, then it is the root page number of a table moved to
+** location iTable. The following code modifies the sqlite_master table to
+** reflect this.
+**
+** The "#%d" in the SQL is a special constant that means whatever value
+** is on the top of the stack.  See sqlite3RegisterExpr().
+*/
+sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+"UPDATE %Q.%s SET rootpage=%d WHERE #%d AND rootpage=#%d",
+pParse->db->aDb[iDb].zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb), iTable, r1, r1);
+#endif
+sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
+}
+/*
+** Write VDBE code to erase table pTab and all associated indices on disk.
+** Code to update the sqlite_master tables and internal schema definitions
+** in case a root-page belonging to another table is moved by the btree layer
+** is also added (this can happen with an auto-vacuum database).
+*/
+static void destroyTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
+Index *pIdx;
+int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
+destroyRootPage(pParse, pTab->tnum, iDb);
+for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
+destroyRootPage(pParse, pIdx->tnum, iDb);
+}
+#else
+/* If the database may be auto-vacuum capable (if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
+** is not defined), then it is important to call OP_Destroy on the
+** table and index root-pages in order, starting with the numerically
+** largest root-page number. This guarantees that none of the root-pages
+** to be destroyed is relocated by an earlier OP_Destroy. i.e. if the
+** following were coded:
+**
+** OP_Destroy 4 0
+** ...
+** OP_Destroy 5 0
+**
+** and root page 5 happened to be the largest root-page number in the
+** database, then root page 5 would be moved to page 4 by the
+** "OP_Destroy 4 0" opcode. The subsequent "OP_Destroy 5 0" would hit
+** a free-list page.
+*/
+int iTab = pTab->tnum;
+int iDestroyed = 0;
+while( 1 ){
+Index *pIdx;
+int iLargest = 0;
+if( iDestroyed==0 || iTab<iDestroyed ){
+iLargest = iTab;
+}
+for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
+int iIdx = pIdx->tnum;
+assert( pIdx->pSchema==pTab->pSchema );
+if( (iDestroyed==0 || (iIdx<iDestroyed)) && iIdx>iLargest ){
+iLargest = iIdx;
+}
+}
+if( iLargest==0 ){
+return;
+}else{
+int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
+destroyRootPage(pParse, iLargest, iDb);
+iDestroyed = iLargest;
+}
+}
+#endif
+}
+/*
+** This routine is called to do the work of a DROP TABLE statement.
+** pName is the name of the table to be dropped.
+*/
+void sqlite3DropTable(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, int isView, int noErr){
+Table *pTab;
+Vdbe *v;
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+int iDb;
+if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
+goto exit_drop_table;
+}
+assert( pName->nSrc==1 );
+pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, isView,
+pName->a[0].zName, pName->a[0].zDatabase);
+if( pTab==0 ){
+if( noErr ){
+sqlite3ErrorClear(pParse);
+}
+goto exit_drop_table;
+}
+iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
+assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
+/* If pTab is a virtual table, call ViewGetColumnNames() to ensure
+** it is initialized.
+*/
+if( IsVirtual(pTab) && sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab) ){
+goto exit_drop_table;
+}
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
+{
+int code;
+const char *zTab = SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb);
+const char *zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
+const char *zArg2 = 0;
+if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_DELETE, zTab, 0, zDb)){
+goto exit_drop_table;
+}
+if( isView ){
+if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && iDb==1 ){
+code = SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW;
+}else{
+code = SQLITE_DROP_VIEW;
+}
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+}else if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+code = SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE;
+zArg2 = pTab->pMod->zName;
+#endif
+}else{
+if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && iDb==1 ){
+code = SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE;
+}else{
+code = SQLITE_DROP_TABLE;
+}
+}
+if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, code, pTab->zName, zArg2, zDb) ){
+goto exit_drop_table;
+}
+if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_DELETE, pTab->zName, 0, zDb) ){
+goto exit_drop_table;
+}
+}
+#endif
+if( pTab->readOnly || pTab==db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->pSeqTab ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be dropped", pTab->zName);
+goto exit_drop_table;
+}
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
+/* Ensure DROP TABLE is not used on a view, and DROP VIEW is not used
+** on a table.
+*/
+if( isView && pTab->pSelect==0 ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "use DROP TABLE to delete table %s", pTab->zName);
+goto exit_drop_table;
+}
+if( !isView && pTab->pSelect ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "use DROP VIEW to delete view %s", pTab->zName);
+goto exit_drop_table;
+}
+#endif
+/* Generate code to remove the table from the master table
+** on disk.
+*/
+v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+if( v ){
+Trigger *pTrigger;
+Db *pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
+sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 1, iDb);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+if( v ){
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_VBegin);
+}
+}
+#endif
+/* Drop all triggers associated with the table being dropped. Code
+** is generated to remove entries from sqlite_master and/or
+** sqlite_temp_master if required.
+*/
+pTrigger = pTab->pTrigger;
+while( pTrigger ){
+assert( pTrigger->pSchema==pTab->pSchema ||
+pTrigger->pSchema==db->aDb[1].pSchema );
+sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(pParse, pTrigger);
+pTrigger = pTrigger->pNext;
+}
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
+/* Remove any entries of the sqlite_sequence table associated with
+** the table being dropped. This is done before the table is dropped
+** at the btree level, in case the sqlite_sequence table needs to
+** move as a result of the drop (can happen in auto-vacuum mode).
+*/
+if( pTab->autoInc ){
+sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+"DELETE FROM %s.sqlite_sequence WHERE name=%Q",
+pDb->zName, pTab->zName
+);
+}
+#endif
+/* Drop all SQLITE_MASTER table and index entries that refer to the
+** table. The program name loops through the master table and deletes
+** every row that refers to a table of the same name as the one being
+** dropped. Triggers are handled seperately because a trigger can be
+** created in the temp database that refers to a table in another
+** database.
+*/
+sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+"DELETE FROM %Q.%s WHERE tbl_name=%Q and type!='trigger'",
+pDb->zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb), pTab->zName);
+/* Drop any statistics from the sqlite_stat1 table, if it exists */
+if( sqlite3FindTable(db, "sqlite_stat1", db->aDb[iDb].zName) ){
+sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+"DELETE FROM %Q.sqlite_stat1 WHERE tbl=%Q", pDb->zName, pTab->zName
+);
+}
+if( !isView && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+destroyTable(pParse, pTab);
+}
+/* Remove the table entry from SQLite's internal schema and modify
+** the schema cookie.
+*/
+if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VDestroy, iDb, 0, 0, pTab->zName, 0);
+}
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTable, iDb, 0, 0, pTab->zName, 0);
+sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
+}
+sqliteViewResetAll(db, iDb);
+exit_drop_table:
+sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pName);
+}
+/*
+** This routine is called to create a new foreign key on the table
+** currently under construction.  pFromCol determines which columns
+** in the current table point to the foreign key.  If pFromCol==0 then
+** connect the key to the last column inserted.  pTo is the name of
+** the table referred to.  pToCol is a list of tables in the other
+** pTo table that the foreign key points to.  flags contains all
+** information about the conflict resolution algorithms specified
+** in the ON DELETE, ON UPDATE and ON INSERT clauses.
+**
+** An FKey structure is created and added to the table currently
+** under construction in the pParse->pNewTable field.  The new FKey
+** is not linked into db->aFKey at this point - that does not happen
+** until sqlite3EndTable().
+**
+** The foreign key is set for IMMEDIATE processing.  A subsequent call
+** to sqlite3DeferForeignKey() might change this to DEFERRED.
+*/
+void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(
+Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
+ExprList *pFromCol,  /* Columns in this table that point to other table */
+Token *pTo,          /* Name of the other table */
+ExprList *pToCol,    /* Columns in the other table */
+int flags            /* Conflict resolution algorithms. */
+){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
+FKey *pFKey = 0;
+Table *p = pParse->pNewTable;
+int nByte;
+int i;
+int nCol;
+char *z;
+sqlite3 *db;
+assert( pTo!=0 );
+db = pParse->db;
+if( p==0 || pParse->nErr || IN_DECLARE_VTAB ) goto fk_end;
+if( pFromCol==0 ){
+int iCol = p->nCol-1;
+if( iCol<0 ) goto fk_end;
+if( pToCol && pToCol->nExpr!=1 ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "foreign key on %s"
+" should reference only one column of table %T",
+p->aCol[iCol].zName, pTo);
+goto fk_end;
+}
+nCol = 1;
+}else if( pToCol && pToCol->nExpr!=pFromCol->nExpr ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+"number of columns in foreign key does not match the number of "
+"columns in the referenced table");
+goto fk_end;
+}else{
+nCol = pFromCol->nExpr;
+}
+nByte = sizeof(*pFKey) + nCol*sizeof(pFKey->aCol[0]) + pTo->n + 1;
+if( pToCol ){
+for(i=0; i<pToCol->nExpr; i++){
+nByte += strlen(pToCol->a[i].zName) + 1;
+}
+}
+pFKey = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte );
+if( pFKey==0 ){
+goto fk_end;
+}
+pFKey->pFrom = p;
+pFKey->pNextFrom = p->pFKey;
+z = (char*)&pFKey[1];
+pFKey->aCol = (struct sColMap*)z;
+z += sizeof(struct sColMap)*nCol;
+pFKey->zTo = z;
+memcpy(z, pTo->z, pTo->n);
+z[pTo->n] = 0;
+z += pTo->n+1;
+pFKey->pNextTo = 0;
+pFKey->nCol = nCol;
+if( pFromCol==0 ){
+pFKey->aCol[0].iFrom = p->nCol-1;
+}else{
+for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
+int j;
+for(j=0; j<p->nCol; j++){
+if( sqlite3StrICmp(p->aCol[j].zName, pFromCol->a[i].zName)==0 ){
+pFKey->aCol[i].iFrom = j;
+break;
+}
+}
+if( j>=p->nCol ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+"unknown column \"%s\" in foreign key definition",
+pFromCol->a[i].zName);
+goto fk_end;
+}
+}
+}
+if( pToCol ){
+for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
+int n = strlen(pToCol->a[i].zName);
+pFKey->aCol[i].zCol = z;
+memcpy(z, pToCol->a[i].zName, n);
+z[n] = 0;
+z += n+1;
+}
+}
+pFKey->isDeferred = 0;
+pFKey->deleteConf = flags & 0xff;
+pFKey->updateConf = (flags >> 8 ) & 0xff;
+pFKey->insertConf = (flags >> 16 ) & 0xff;
+/* Link the foreign key to the table as the last step.
+*/
+p->pFKey = pFKey;
+pFKey = 0;
+fk_end:
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pFKey);
+#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) */
+sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pFromCol);
+sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pToCol);
+}
+/*
+** This routine is called when an INITIALLY IMMEDIATE or INITIALLY DEFERRED
+** clause is seen as part of a foreign key definition.  The isDeferred
+** parameter is 1 for INITIALLY DEFERRED and 0 for INITIALLY IMMEDIATE.
+** The behavior of the most recently created foreign key is adjusted
+** accordingly.
+*/
+void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse *pParse, int isDeferred){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
+Table *pTab;
+FKey *pFKey;
+if( (pTab = pParse->pNewTable)==0 || (pFKey = pTab->pFKey)==0 ) return;
+pFKey->isDeferred = isDeferred;
+#endif
+}
+/*
+** Generate code that will erase and refill index *pIdx.  This is
+** used to initialize a newly created index or to recompute the
+** content of an index in response to a REINDEX command.
+**
+** if memRootPage is not negative, it means that the index is newly
+** created.  The register specified by memRootPage contains the
+** root page number of the index.  If memRootPage is negative, then
+** the index already exists and must be cleared before being refilled and
+** the root page number of the index is taken from pIndex->tnum.
+*/
+static void sqlite3RefillIndex(Parse *pParse, Index *pIndex, int memRootPage){
+Table *pTab = pIndex->pTable;  /* The table that is indexed */
+int iTab = pParse->nTab;       /* Btree cursor used for pTab */
+int iIdx = pParse->nTab+1;     /* Btree cursor used for pIndex */
+int addr1;                     /* Address of top of loop */
+int tnum;                      /* Root page of index */
+Vdbe *v;                       /* Generate code into this virtual machine */
+KeyInfo *pKey;                 /* KeyInfo for index */
+int regIdxKey;                 /* Registers containing the index key */
+int regRecord;                 /* Register holding assemblied index record */
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;      /* The database connection */
+int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pIndex->pSchema);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
+if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_REINDEX, pIndex->zName, 0,
+db->aDb[iDb].zName ) ){
+return;
+}
+#endif
+/* Require a write-lock on the table to perform this operation */
+sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTab->tnum, 1, pTab->zName);
+v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+if( v==0 ) return;
+if( memRootPage>=0 ){
+tnum = memRootPage;
+}else{
+tnum = pIndex->tnum;
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Clear, tnum, iDb);
+}
+pKey = sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIndex);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenWrite, iIdx, tnum, iDb,
+(char *)pKey, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
+if( memRootPage>=0 ){
+sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);
+}
+sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iTab, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
+addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iTab, 0);
+regRecord = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+regIdxKey = sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(pParse, pIndex, iTab, regRecord, 1);
+if( pIndex->onError!=OE_None ){
+int j1, j2;
+int regRowid;
+regRowid = regIdxKey + pIndex->nColumn;
+j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IsNull, regIdxKey, 0, pIndex->nColumn);
+j2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_IsUnique, iIdx,
+0, regRowid, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(regRecord), P4_INT32);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Halt, SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, OE_Abort, 0,
+"indexed columns are not unique", P4_STATIC);
+sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
+sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j2);
+}
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iIdx, regRecord);
+sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iTab, addr1+1);
+sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iTab);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iIdx);
+}
+/*
+** Create a new index for an SQL table.  pName1.pName2 is the name of the index
+** and pTblList is the name of the table that is to be indexed.  Both will
+** be NULL for a primary key or an index that is created to satisfy a
+** UNIQUE constraint.  If pTable and pIndex are NULL, use pParse->pNewTable
+** as the table to be indexed.  pParse->pNewTable is a table that is
+** currently being constructed by a CREATE TABLE statement.
+**
+** pList is a list of columns to be indexed.  pList will be NULL if this
+** is a primary key or unique-constraint on the most recent column added
+** to the table currently under construction.
+*/
+void sqlite3CreateIndex(
+Parse *pParse,     /* All information about this parse */
+Token *pName1,     /* First part of index name. May be NULL */
+Token *pName2,     /* Second part of index name. May be NULL */
+SrcList *pTblName, /* Table to index. Use pParse->pNewTable if 0 */
+ExprList *pList,   /* A list of columns to be indexed */
+int onError,       /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
+Token *pStart,     /* The CREATE token that begins this statement */
+Token *pEnd,       /* The ")" that closes the CREATE INDEX statement */
+int sortOrder,     /* Sort order of primary key when pList==NULL */
+int ifNotExist     /* Omit error if index already exists */
+){
+Table *pTab = 0;     /* Table to be indexed */
+Index *pIndex = 0;   /* The index to be created */
+char *zName = 0;     /* Name of the index */
+int nName;           /* Number of characters in zName */
+int i, j;
+Token nullId;        /* Fake token for an empty ID list */
+DbFixer sFix;        /* For assigning database names to pTable */
+int sortOrderMask;   /* 1 to honor DESC in index.  0 to ignore. */
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+Db *pDb;             /* The specific table containing the indexed database */
+int iDb;             /* Index of the database that is being written */
+Token *pName = 0;    /* Unqualified name of the index to create */
+struct ExprList_item *pListItem; /* For looping over pList */
+int nCol;
+int nExtra = 0;
+char *zExtra;
+if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed || IN_DECLARE_VTAB ){
+goto exit_create_index;
+}
+/*
+** Find the table that is to be indexed.  Return early if not found.
+*/
+if( pTblName!=0 ){
+/* Use the two-part index name to determine the database
+** to search for the table. 'Fix' the table name to this db
+** before looking up the table.
+*/
+assert( pName1 && pName2 );
+iDb = sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pName1, pName2, &pName);
+if( iDb<0 ) goto exit_create_index;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
+/* If the index name was unqualified, check if the the table
+** is a temp table. If so, set the database to 1. Do not do this
+** if initialising a database schema.
+*/
+if( !db->init.busy ){
+pTab = sqlite3SrcListLookup(pParse, pTblName);
+if( pName2 && pName2->n==0 && pTab && pTab->pSchema==db->aDb[1].pSchema ){
+iDb = 1;
+}
+}
+#endif
+if( sqlite3FixInit(&sFix, pParse, iDb, "index", pName) &&
+sqlite3FixSrcList(&sFix, pTblName)
+){
+/* Because the parser constructs pTblName from a single identifier,
+** sqlite3FixSrcList can never fail. */
+assert(0);
+}
+pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, pTblName->a[0].zName,
+pTblName->a[0].zDatabase);
+if( !pTab ) goto exit_create_index;
+assert( db->aDb[iDb].pSchema==pTab->pSchema );
+}else{
+assert( pName==0 );
+pTab = pParse->pNewTable;
+if( !pTab ) goto exit_create_index;
+iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
+}
+pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
+if( pTab==0 || pParse->nErr ) goto exit_create_index;
+if( pTab->readOnly ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be indexed", pTab->zName);
+goto exit_create_index;
+}
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
+if( pTab->pSelect ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "views may not be indexed");
+goto exit_create_index;
+}
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "virtual tables may not be indexed");
+goto exit_create_index;
+}
+#endif
+/*
+** Find the name of the index.  Make sure there is not already another
+** index or table with the same name.
+**
+** Exception:  If we are reading the names of permanent indices from the
+** sqlite_master table (because some other process changed the schema) and
+** one of the index names collides with the name of a temporary table or
+** index, then we will continue to process this index.
+**
+** If pName==0 it means that we are
+** dealing with a primary key or UNIQUE constraint.  We have to invent our
+** own name.
+*/
+if( pName ){
+zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
+if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto exit_create_index;
+if( zName==0 ) goto exit_create_index;
+if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3CheckObjectName(pParse, zName) ){
+goto exit_create_index;
+}
+if( !db->init.busy ){
+if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto exit_create_index;
+if( sqlite3FindTable(db, zName, 0)!=0 ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "there is already a table named %s", zName);
+goto exit_create_index;
+}
+}
+if( sqlite3FindIndex(db, zName, pDb->zName)!=0 ){
+if( !ifNotExist ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "index %s already exists", zName);
+}
+goto exit_create_index;
+}
+}else{
+int n;
+Index *pLoop;
+for(pLoop=pTab->pIndex, n=1; pLoop; pLoop=pLoop->pNext, n++){}
+zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "sqlite_autoindex_%s_%d", pTab->zName, n);
+if( zName==0 ){
+goto exit_create_index;
+}
+}
+/* Check for authorization to create an index.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
+{
+const char *zDb = pDb->zName;
+if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_INSERT, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb), 0, zDb) ){
+goto exit_create_index;
+}
+i = SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX;
+if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && iDb==1 ) i = SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX;
+if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, i, zName, pTab->zName, zDb) ){
+goto exit_create_index;
+}
+}
+#endif
+/* If pList==0, it means this routine was called to make a primary
+** key out of the last column added to the table under construction.
+** So create a fake list to simulate this.
+*/
+if( pList==0 ){
+nullId.z = (u8*)pTab->aCol[pTab->nCol-1].zName;
+nullId.n = strlen((char*)nullId.z);
+pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, 0, &nullId);
+if( pList==0 ) goto exit_create_index;
+pList->a[0].sortOrder = sortOrder;
+}
+/* Figure out how many bytes of space are required to store explicitly
+** specified collation sequence names.
+*/
+for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
+Expr *pExpr = pList->a[i].pExpr;
+if( pExpr ){
+nExtra += (1 + strlen(pExpr->pColl->zName));
+}
+}
+/*
+** Allocate the index structure.
+*/
+nName = strlen(zName);
+nCol = pList->nExpr;
+pIndex = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db,
+sizeof(Index) +              /* Index structure  */
+sizeof(int)*nCol +           /* Index.aiColumn   */
+sizeof(int)*(nCol+1) +       /* Index.aiRowEst   */
+sizeof(char *)*nCol +        /* Index.azColl     */
+sizeof(u8)*nCol +            /* Index.aSortOrder */
+nName + 1 +                  /* Index.zName      */
+nExtra                       /* Collation sequence names */
+);
+if( db->mallocFailed ){
+goto exit_create_index;
+}
+pIndex->azColl = (char**)(&pIndex[1]);
+pIndex->aiColumn = (int *)(&pIndex->azColl[nCol]);
+pIndex->aiRowEst = (unsigned *)(&pIndex->aiColumn[nCol]);
+pIndex->aSortOrder = (u8 *)(&pIndex->aiRowEst[nCol+1]);
+pIndex->zName = (char *)(&pIndex->aSortOrder[nCol]);
+zExtra = (char *)(&pIndex->zName[nName+1]);
+memcpy(pIndex->zName, zName, nName+1);
+pIndex->pTable = pTab;
+pIndex->nColumn = pList->nExpr;
+pIndex->onError = onError;
+pIndex->autoIndex = pName==0;
+pIndex->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
+/* Check to see if we should honor DESC requests on index columns
+*/
+if( pDb->pSchema->file_format>=4 ){
+sortOrderMask = -1;   /* Honor DESC */
+}else{
+sortOrderMask = 0;    /* Ignore DESC */
+}
+/* Scan the names of the columns of the table to be indexed and
+** load the column indices into the Index structure.  Report an error
+** if any column is not found.
+*/
+for(i=0, pListItem=pList->a; i<pList->nExpr; i++, pListItem++){
+const char *zColName = pListItem->zName;
+Column *pTabCol;
+int requestedSortOrder;
+char *zColl;                   /* Collation sequence name */
+for(j=0, pTabCol=pTab->aCol; j<pTab->nCol; j++, pTabCol++){
+if( sqlite3StrICmp(zColName, pTabCol->zName)==0 ) break;
+}
+if( j>=pTab->nCol ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s has no column named %s",
+pTab->zName, zColName);
+goto exit_create_index;
+}
+/* TODO:  Add a test to make sure that the same column is not named
+** more than once within the same index.  Only the first instance of
+** the column will ever be used by the optimizer.  Note that using the
+** same column more than once cannot be an error because that would
+** break backwards compatibility - it needs to be a warning.
+*/
+pIndex->aiColumn[i] = j;
+if( pListItem->pExpr ){
+assert( pListItem->pExpr->pColl );
+zColl = zExtra;
+sqlite3_snprintf(nExtra, zExtra, "%s", pListItem->pExpr->pColl->zName);
+zExtra += (strlen(zColl) + 1);
+}else{
+zColl = pTab->aCol[j].zColl;
+if( !zColl ){
+zColl = db->pDfltColl->zName;
+}
+}
+if( !db->init.busy && !sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, zColl, -1) ){
+goto exit_create_index;
+}
+pIndex->azColl[i] = zColl;
+requestedSortOrder = pListItem->sortOrder & sortOrderMask;
+pIndex->aSortOrder[i] = requestedSortOrder;
+}
+sqlite3DefaultRowEst(pIndex);
+if( pTab==pParse->pNewTable ){
+/* This routine has been called to create an automatic index as a
+** result of a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE clause on a column definition, or
+** a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE clause following the column definitions.
+** i.e. one of:
+**
+** CREATE TABLE t(x PRIMARY KEY, y);
+** CREATE TABLE t(x, y, UNIQUE(x, y));
+**
+** Either way, check to see if the table already has such an index. If
+** so, don't bother creating this one. This only applies to
+** automatically created indices. Users can do as they wish with
+** explicit indices.
+*/
+Index *pIdx;
+for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
+int k;
+assert( pIdx->onError!=OE_None );
+assert( pIdx->autoIndex );
+assert( pIndex->onError!=OE_None );
+if( pIdx->nColumn!=pIndex->nColumn ) continue;
+for(k=0; k<pIdx->nColumn; k++){
+const char *z1 = pIdx->azColl[k];
+const char *z2 = pIndex->azColl[k];
+if( pIdx->aiColumn[k]!=pIndex->aiColumn[k] ) break;
+if( pIdx->aSortOrder[k]!=pIndex->aSortOrder[k] ) break;
+if( z1!=z2 && sqlite3StrICmp(z1, z2) ) break;
+}
+if( k==pIdx->nColumn ){
+if( pIdx->onError!=pIndex->onError ){
+/* This constraint creates the same index as a previous
+** constraint specified somewhere in the CREATE TABLE statement.
+** However the ON CONFLICT clauses are different. If both this
+** constraint and the previous equivalent constraint have explicit
+** ON CONFLICT clauses this is an error. Otherwise, use the
+** explicitly specified behaviour for the index.
+*/
+if( !(pIdx->onError==OE_Default || pIndex->onError==OE_Default) ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+"conflicting ON CONFLICT clauses specified", 0);
+}
+if( pIdx->onError==OE_Default ){
+pIdx->onError = pIndex->onError;
+}
+}
+goto exit_create_index;
+}
+}
+}
+/* Link the new Index structure to its table and to the other
+** in-memory database structures.
+*/
+if( db->init.busy ){
+Index *p;
+p = sqlite3HashInsert(&pIndex->pSchema->idxHash,
+pIndex->zName, strlen(pIndex->zName)+1, pIndex);
+if( p ){
+assert( p==pIndex );  /* Malloc must have failed */
+db->mallocFailed = 1;
+goto exit_create_index;
+}
+db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+if( pTblName!=0 ){
+pIndex->tnum = db->init.newTnum;
+}
+}
+/* If the db->init.busy is 0 then create the index on disk.  This
+** involves writing the index into the master table and filling in the
+** index with the current table contents.
+**
+** The db->init.busy is 0 when the user first enters a CREATE INDEX
+** command.  db->init.busy is 1 when a database is opened and
+** CREATE INDEX statements are read out of the master table.  In
+** the latter case the index already exists on disk, which is why
+** we don't want to recreate it.
+**
+** If pTblName==0 it means this index is generated as a primary key
+** or UNIQUE constraint of a CREATE TABLE statement.  Since the table
+** has just been created, it contains no data and the index initialization
+** step can be skipped.
+*/
+else if( db->init.busy==0 ){
+Vdbe *v;
+char *zStmt;
+int iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
+v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+if( v==0 ) goto exit_create_index;
+/* Create the rootpage for the index
+*/
+sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 1, iDb);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_CreateIndex, iDb, iMem);
+/* Gather the complete text of the CREATE INDEX statement into
+** the zStmt variable
+*/
+if( pStart && pEnd ){
+/* A named index with an explicit CREATE INDEX statement */
+zStmt = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "CREATE%s INDEX %.*s",
+onError==OE_None ? "" : " UNIQUE",
+pEnd->z - pName->z + 1,
+pName->z);
+}else{
+/* An automatic index created by a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraint */
+/* zStmt = sqlite3MPrintf(""); */
+zStmt = 0;
+}
+/* Add an entry in sqlite_master for this index
+*/
+sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+"INSERT INTO %Q.%s VALUES('index',%Q,%Q,#%d,%Q);",
+db->aDb[iDb].zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb),
+pIndex->zName,
+pTab->zName,
+iMem,
+zStmt
+);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, zStmt);
+/* Fill the index with data and reparse the schema. Code an OP_Expire
+** to invalidate all pre-compiled statements.
+*/
+if( pTblName ){
+sqlite3RefillIndex(pParse, pIndex, iMem);
+sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_ParseSchema, iDb, 0, 0,
+sqlite3MPrintf(db, "name='%q'", pIndex->zName), P4_DYNAMIC);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Expire, 0);
+}
+}
+/* When adding an index to the list of indices for a table, make
+** sure all indices labeled OE_Replace come after all those labeled
+** OE_Ignore.  This is necessary for the correct operation of UPDATE
+** and INSERT.
+*/
+if( db->init.busy || pTblName==0 ){
+if( onError!=OE_Replace || pTab->pIndex==0
+|| pTab->pIndex->onError==OE_Replace){
+pIndex->pNext = pTab->pIndex;
+pTab->pIndex = pIndex;
+}else{
+Index *pOther = pTab->pIndex;
+while( pOther->pNext && pOther->pNext->onError!=OE_Replace ){
+pOther = pOther->pNext;
+}
+pIndex->pNext = pOther->pNext;
+pOther->pNext = pIndex;
+}
+pIndex = 0;
+}
+/* Clean up before exiting */
+exit_create_index:
+if( pIndex ){
+sqlite3_free(pIndex->zColAff);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pIndex);
+}
+sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
+sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTblName);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
+return;
+}
+/*
+** Generate code to make sure the file format number is at least minFormat.
+** The generated code will increase the file format number if necessary.
+*/
+void sqlite3MinimumFileFormat(Parse *pParse, int iDb, int minFormat){
+Vdbe *v;
+v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+if( v ){
+int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+int r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+int j1;
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_ReadCookie, iDb, r1, 1);
+sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, minFormat, r2);
+j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ge, r2, 0, r1);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, 1, r2);
+sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
+sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
+sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
+}
+}
+/*
+** Fill the Index.aiRowEst[] array with default information - information
+** to be used when we have not run the ANALYZE command.
+**
+** aiRowEst[0] is suppose to contain the number of elements in the index.
+** Since we do not know, guess 1 million.  aiRowEst[1] is an estimate of the
+** number of rows in the table that match any particular value of the
+** first column of the index.  aiRowEst[2] is an estimate of the number
+** of rows that match any particular combiniation of the first 2 columns
+** of the index.  And so forth.  It must always be the case that
+*
+**           aiRowEst[N]<=aiRowEst[N-1]
+**           aiRowEst[N]>=1
+**
+** Apart from that, we have little to go on besides intuition as to
+** how aiRowEst[] should be initialized.  The numbers generated here
+** are based on typical values found in actual indices.
+*/
+void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index *pIdx){
+unsigned *a = pIdx->aiRowEst;
+int i;
+assert( a!=0 );
+a[0] = 1000000;
+for(i=pIdx->nColumn; i>=5; i--){
+a[i] = 5;
+}
+while( i>=1 ){
+a[i] = 11 - i;
+i--;
+}
+if( pIdx->onError!=OE_None ){
+a[pIdx->nColumn] = 1;
+}
+}
+/*
+** This routine will drop an existing named index.  This routine
+** implements the DROP INDEX statement.
+*/
+void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, int ifExists){
+Index *pIndex;
+Vdbe *v;
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+int iDb;
+if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
+goto exit_drop_index;
+}
+assert( pName->nSrc==1 );
+if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
+goto exit_drop_index;
+}
+pIndex = sqlite3FindIndex(db, pName->a[0].zName, pName->a[0].zDatabase);
+if( pIndex==0 ){
+if( !ifExists ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such index: %S", pName, 0);
+}
+pParse->checkSchema = 1;
+goto exit_drop_index;
+}
+if( pIndex->autoIndex ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "index associated with UNIQUE "
+"or PRIMARY KEY constraint cannot be dropped", 0);
+goto exit_drop_index;
+}
+iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pIndex->pSchema);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
+{
+int code = SQLITE_DROP_INDEX;
+Table *pTab = pIndex->pTable;
+const char *zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
+const char *zTab = SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb);
+if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_DELETE, zTab, 0, zDb) ){
+goto exit_drop_index;
+}
+if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && iDb ) code = SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX;
+if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, code, pIndex->zName, pTab->zName, zDb) ){
+goto exit_drop_index;
+}
+}
+#endif
+/* Generate code to remove the index and from the master table */
+v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+if( v ){
+sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 1, iDb);
+sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+"DELETE FROM %Q.%s WHERE name=%Q",
+db->aDb[iDb].zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb),
+pIndex->zName
+);
+if( sqlite3FindTable(db, "sqlite_stat1", db->aDb[iDb].zName) ){
+sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+"DELETE FROM %Q.sqlite_stat1 WHERE idx=%Q",
+db->aDb[iDb].zName, pIndex->zName
+);
+}
+sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
+destroyRootPage(pParse, pIndex->tnum, iDb);
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropIndex, iDb, 0, 0, pIndex->zName, 0);
+}
+exit_drop_index:
+sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pName);
+}
+/*
+** pArray is a pointer to an array of objects.  Each object in the
+** array is szEntry bytes in size.  This routine allocates a new
+** object on the end of the array.
+**
+** *pnEntry is the number of entries already in use.  *pnAlloc is
+** the previously allocated size of the array.  initSize is the
+** suggested initial array size allocation.
+**
+** The index of the new entry is returned in *pIdx.
+**
+** This routine returns a pointer to the array of objects.  This
+** might be the same as the pArray parameter or it might be a different
+** pointer if the array was resized.
+*/
+void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(
+sqlite3 *db,      /* Connection to notify of malloc failures */
+void *pArray,     /* Array of objects.  Might be reallocated */
+int szEntry,      /* Size of each object in the array */
+int initSize,     /* Suggested initial allocation, in elements */
+int *pnEntry,     /* Number of objects currently in use */
+int *pnAlloc,     /* Current size of the allocation, in elements */
+int *pIdx         /* Write the index of a new slot here */
+){
+char *z;
+if( *pnEntry >= *pnAlloc ){
+void *pNew;
+int newSize;
+newSize = (*pnAlloc)*2 + initSize;
+pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pArray, newSize*szEntry);
+if( pNew==0 ){
+*pIdx = -1;
+return pArray;
+}
+*pnAlloc = newSize;
+pArray = pNew;
+}
+z = (char*)pArray;
+memset(&z[*pnEntry * szEntry], 0, szEntry);
+*pIdx = *pnEntry;
+++*pnEntry;
+return pArray;
+}
+/*
+** Append a new element to the given IdList.  Create a new IdList if
+** need be.
+**
+** A new IdList is returned, or NULL if malloc() fails.
+*/
+IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(sqlite3 *db, IdList *pList, Token *pToken){
+int i;
+if( pList==0 ){
+pList = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(IdList) );
+if( pList==0 ) return 0;
+pList->nAlloc = 0;
+}
+pList->a = sqlite3ArrayAllocate(
+db,
+pList->a,
+sizeof(pList->a[0]),
+5,
+&pList->nId,
+&pList->nAlloc,
+&i
+);
+if( i<0 ){
+sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pList);
+return 0;
+}
+pList->a[i].zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pToken);
+return pList;
+}
+/*
+** Delete an IdList.
+*/
+void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3 *db, IdList *pList){
+int i;
+if( pList==0 ) return;
+for(i=0; i<pList->nId; i++){
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pList->a[i].zName);
+}
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pList->a);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pList);
+}
+/*
+** Return the index in pList of the identifier named zId.  Return -1
+** if not found.
+*/
+int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList *pList, const char *zName){
+int i;
+if( pList==0 ) return -1;
+for(i=0; i<pList->nId; i++){
+if( sqlite3StrICmp(pList->a[i].zName, zName)==0 ) return i;
+}
+return -1;
+}
+/*
+** Append a new table name to the given SrcList.  Create a new SrcList if
+** need be.  A new entry is created in the SrcList even if pToken is NULL.
+**
+** A new SrcList is returned, or NULL if malloc() fails.
+**
+** If pDatabase is not null, it means that the table has an optional
+** database name prefix.  Like this:  "database.table".  The pDatabase
+** points to the table name and the pTable points to the database name.
+** The SrcList.a[].zName field is filled with the table name which might
+** come from pTable (if pDatabase is NULL) or from pDatabase.
+** SrcList.a[].zDatabase is filled with the database name from pTable,
+** or with NULL if no database is specified.
+**
+** In other words, if call like this:
+**
+**         sqlite3SrcListAppend(D,A,B,0);
+**
+** Then B is a table name and the database name is unspecified.  If called
+** like this:
+**
+**         sqlite3SrcListAppend(D,A,B,C);
+**
+** Then C is the table name and B is the database name.
+*/
+SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(
+sqlite3 *db,        /* Connection to notify of malloc failures */
+SrcList *pList,     /* Append to this SrcList. NULL creates a new SrcList */
+Token *pTable,      /* Table to append */
+Token *pDatabase    /* Database of the table */
+){
+struct SrcList_item *pItem;
+if( pList==0 ){
+pList = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(SrcList) );
+if( pList==0 ) return 0;
+pList->nAlloc = 1;
+}
+if( pList->nSrc>=pList->nAlloc ){
+SrcList *pNew;
+pList->nAlloc *= 2;
+pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pList,
+sizeof(*pList) + (pList->nAlloc-1)*sizeof(pList->a[0]) );
+if( pNew==0 ){
+sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pList);
+return 0;
+}
+pList = pNew;
+}
+pItem = &pList->a[pList->nSrc];
+memset(pItem, 0, sizeof(pList->a[0]));
+if( pDatabase && pDatabase->z==0 ){
+pDatabase = 0;
+}
+if( pDatabase && pTable ){
+Token *pTemp = pDatabase;
+pDatabase = pTable;
+pTable = pTemp;
+}
+pItem->zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pTable);
+pItem->zDatabase = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pDatabase);
+pItem->iCursor = -1;
+pItem->isPopulated = 0;
+pList->nSrc++;
+return pList;
+}
+/*
+** Assign cursors to all tables in a SrcList
+*/
+void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pList){
+int i;
+struct SrcList_item *pItem;
+assert(pList || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
+if( pList ){
+for(i=0, pItem=pList->a; i<pList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
+if( pItem->iCursor>=0 ) break;
+pItem->iCursor = pParse->nTab++;
+if( pItem->pSelect ){
+sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(pParse, pItem->pSelect->pSrc);
+}
+}
+}
+}
+/*
+** Delete an entire SrcList including all its substructure.
+*/
+void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3 *db, SrcList *pList){
+int i;
+struct SrcList_item *pItem;
+if( pList==0 ) return;
+for(pItem=pList->a, i=0; i<pList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zDatabase);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zName);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zAlias);
+sqlite3DeleteTable(pItem->pTab);
+sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pItem->pSelect);
+sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pItem->pOn);
+sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pItem->pUsing);
+}
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pList);
+}
+/*
+** This routine is called by the parser to add a new term to the
+** end of a growing FROM clause.  The "p" parameter is the part of
+** the FROM clause that has already been constructed.  "p" is NULL
+** if this is the first term of the FROM clause.  pTable and pDatabase
+** are the name of the table and database named in the FROM clause term.
+** pDatabase is NULL if the database name qualifier is missing - the
+** usual case.  If the term has a alias, then pAlias points to the
+** alias token.  If the term is a subquery, then pSubquery is the
+** SELECT statement that the subquery encodes.  The pTable and
+** pDatabase parameters are NULL for subqueries.  The pOn and pUsing
+** parameters are the content of the ON and USING clauses.
+**
+** Return a new SrcList which encodes is the FROM with the new
+** term added.
+*/
+SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(
+Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
+SrcList *p,             /* The left part of the FROM clause already seen */
+Token *pTable,          /* Name of the table to add to the FROM clause */
+Token *pDatabase,       /* Name of the database containing pTable */
+Token *pAlias,          /* The right-hand side of the AS subexpression */
+Select *pSubquery,      /* A subquery used in place of a table name */
+Expr *pOn,              /* The ON clause of a join */
+IdList *pUsing          /* The USING clause of a join */
+){
+struct SrcList_item *pItem;
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+p = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, p, pTable, pDatabase);
+if( p==0 || p->nSrc==0 ){
+sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pOn);
+sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pUsing);
+sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSubquery);
+return p;
+}
+pItem = &p->a[p->nSrc-1];
+if( pAlias && pAlias->n ){
+pItem->zAlias = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pAlias);
+}
+pItem->pSelect = pSubquery;
+pItem->pOn = pOn;
+pItem->pUsing = pUsing;
+return p;
+}
+/*
+** When building up a FROM clause in the parser, the join operator
+** is initially attached to the left operand.  But the code generator
+** expects the join operator to be on the right operand.  This routine
+** Shifts all join operators from left to right for an entire FROM
+** clause.
+**
+** Example: Suppose the join is like this:
+**
+**           A natural cross join B
+**
+** The operator is "natural cross join".  The A and B operands are stored
+** in p->a[0] and p->a[1], respectively.  The parser initially stores the
+** operator with A.  This routine shifts that operator over to B.
+*/
+void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList *p){
+if( p && p->a ){
+int i;
+for(i=p->nSrc-1; i>0; i--){
+p->a[i].jointype = p->a[i-1].jointype;
+}
+p->a[0].jointype = 0;
+}
+}
+/*
+** Begin a transaction
+*/
+void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse *pParse, int type){
+sqlite3 *db;
+Vdbe *v;
+int i;
+if( pParse==0 || (db=pParse->db)==0 || db->aDb[0].pBt==0 ) return;
+if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ) return;
+if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_TRANSACTION, "BEGIN", 0, 0) ) return;
+v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+if( !v ) return;
+if( type!=TK_DEFERRED ){
+for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Transaction, i, (type==TK_EXCLUSIVE)+1);
+sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, i);
+}
+}
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AutoCommit, 0, 0);
+}
+/*
+** Commit a transaction
+*/
+void sqlite3CommitTransaction(Parse *pParse){
+sqlite3 *db;
+Vdbe *v;
+if( pParse==0 || (db=pParse->db)==0 || db->aDb[0].pBt==0 ) return;
+if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ) return;
+if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_TRANSACTION, "COMMIT", 0, 0) ) return;
+v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+if( v ){
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AutoCommit, 1, 0);
+}
+}
+/*
+** Rollback a transaction
+*/
+void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse *pParse){
+sqlite3 *db;
+Vdbe *v;
+if( pParse==0 || (db=pParse->db)==0 || db->aDb[0].pBt==0 ) return;
+if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ) return;
+if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_TRANSACTION, "ROLLBACK", 0, 0) ) return;
+v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+if( v ){
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AutoCommit, 1, 1);
+}
+}
+/*
+** Make sure the TEMP database is open and available for use.  Return
+** the number of errors.  Leave any error messages in the pParse structure.
+*/
+int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *pParse){
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+if( db->aDb[1].pBt==0 && !pParse->explain ){
+int rc;
+static const int flags =
+SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE |
+SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE |
+SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE |
+SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE |
+SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB;
+rc = sqlite3BtreeFactory(db, 0, 0, SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE, flags,
+&db->aDb[1].pBt);
+if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unable to open a temporary database "
+"file for storing temporary tables");
+pParse->rc = rc;
+return 1;
+}
+assert( (db->flags & SQLITE_InTrans)==0 || db->autoCommit );
+assert( db->aDb[1].pSchema );
+sqlite3PagerJournalMode(sqlite3BtreePager(db->aDb[1].pBt),
+db->dfltJournalMode);
+}
+return 0;
+}
+/*
+** Generate VDBE code that will verify the schema cookie and start
+** a read-transaction for all named database files.
+**
+** It is important that all schema cookies be verified and all
+** read transactions be started before anything else happens in
+** the VDBE program.  But this routine can be called after much other
+** code has been generated.  So here is what we do:
+**
+** The first time this routine is called, we code an OP_Goto that
+** will jump to a subroutine at the end of the program.  Then we
+** record every database that needs its schema verified in the
+** pParse->cookieMask field.  Later, after all other code has been
+** generated, the subroutine that does the cookie verifications and
+** starts the transactions will be coded and the OP_Goto P2 value
+** will be made to point to that subroutine.  The generation of the
+** cookie verification subroutine code happens in sqlite3FinishCoding().
+**
+** If iDb<0 then code the OP_Goto only - don't set flag to verify the
+** schema on any databases.  This can be used to position the OP_Goto
+** early in the code, before we know if any database tables will be used.
+*/
+void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
+sqlite3 *db;
+Vdbe *v;
+int mask;
+v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+if( v==0 ) return;  /* This only happens if there was a prior error */
+db = pParse->db;
+if( pParse->cookieGoto==0 ){
+pParse->cookieGoto = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, 0)+1;
+}
+if( iDb>=0 ){
+assert( iDb<db->nDb );
+assert( db->aDb[iDb].pBt!=0 || iDb==1 );
+assert( iDb<SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2 );
+mask = 1<<iDb;
+if( (pParse->cookieMask & mask)==0 ){
+pParse->cookieMask |= mask;
+pParse->cookieValue[iDb] = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->schema_cookie;
+if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && iDb==1 ){
+sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(pParse);
+}
+}
+}
+}
+/*
+** Generate VDBE code that prepares for doing an operation that
+** might change the database.
+**
+** This routine starts a new transaction if we are not already within
+** a transaction.  If we are already within a transaction, then a checkpoint
+** is set if the setStatement parameter is true.  A checkpoint should
+** be set for operations that might fail (due to a constraint) part of
+** the way through and which will need to undo some writes without having to
+** rollback the whole transaction.  For operations where all constraints
+** can be checked before any changes are made to the database, it is never
+** necessary to undo a write and the checkpoint should not be set.
+**
+** Only database iDb and the temp database are made writable by this call.
+** If iDb==0, then the main and temp databases are made writable.   If
+** iDb==1 then only the temp database is made writable.  If iDb>1 then the
+** specified auxiliary database and the temp database are made writable.
+*/
+void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse *pParse, int setStatement, int iDb){
+Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+if( v==0 ) return;
+sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
+pParse->writeMask |= 1<<iDb;
+if( setStatement && pParse->nested==0 ){
+sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Statement, iDb);
+}
+if( (OMIT_TEMPDB || iDb!=1) && pParse->db->aDb[1].pBt!=0 ){
+sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, setStatement, 1);
+}
+}
+/*
+** Check to see if pIndex uses the collating sequence pColl.  Return
+** true if it does and false if it does not.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
+static int collationMatch(const char *zColl, Index *pIndex){
+int i;
+for(i=0; i<pIndex->nColumn; i++){
+const char *z = pIndex->azColl[i];
+if( z==zColl || (z && zColl && 0==sqlite3StrICmp(z, zColl)) ){
+return 1;
+}
+}
+return 0;
+}
+#endif
+/*
+** Recompute all indices of pTab that use the collating sequence pColl.
+** If pColl==0 then recompute all indices of pTab.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
+static void reindexTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, char const *zColl){
+Index *pIndex;              /* An index associated with pTab */
+for(pIndex=pTab->pIndex; pIndex; pIndex=pIndex->pNext){
+if( zColl==0 || collationMatch(zColl, pIndex) ){
+int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
+sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
+sqlite3RefillIndex(pParse, pIndex, -1);
+}
+}
+}
+#endif
+/*
+** Recompute all indices of all tables in all databases where the
+** indices use the collating sequence pColl.  If pColl==0 then recompute
+** all indices everywhere.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
+static void reindexDatabases(Parse *pParse, char const *zColl){
+Db *pDb;                    /* A single database */
+int iDb;                    /* The database index number */
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;   /* The database connection */
+HashElem *k;                /* For looping over tables in pDb */
+Table *pTab;                /* A table in the database */
+for(iDb=0, pDb=db->aDb; iDb<db->nDb; iDb++, pDb++){
+assert( pDb!=0 );
+for(k=sqliteHashFirst(&pDb->pSchema->tblHash);  k; k=sqliteHashNext(k)){
+pTab = (Table*)sqliteHashData(k);
+reindexTable(pParse, pTab, zColl);
+}
+}
+}
+#endif
+/*
+** Generate code for the REINDEX command.
+**
+**        REINDEX                            -- 1
+**        REINDEX  <collation>               -- 2
+**        REINDEX  ?<database>.?<tablename>  -- 3
+**        REINDEX  ?<database>.?<indexname>  -- 4
+**
+** Form 1 causes all indices in all attached databases to be rebuilt.
+** Form 2 rebuilds all indices in all databases that use the named
+** collating function.  Forms 3 and 4 rebuild the named index or all
+** indices associated with the named table.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
+void sqlite3Reindex(Parse *pParse, Token *pName1, Token *pName2){
+CollSeq *pColl;             /* Collating sequence to be reindexed, or NULL */
+char *z;                    /* Name of a table or index */
+const char *zDb;            /* Name of the database */
+Table *pTab;                /* A table in the database */
+Index *pIndex;              /* An index associated with pTab */
+int iDb;                    /* The database index number */
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;   /* The database connection */
+Token *pObjName;            /* Name of the table or index to be reindexed */
+/* Read the database schema. If an error occurs, leave an error message
+** and code in pParse and return NULL. */
+if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
+return;
+}
+if( pName1==0 || pName1->z==0 ){
+reindexDatabases(pParse, 0);
+return;
+}else if( pName2==0 || pName2->z==0 ){
+char *zColl;
+assert( pName1->z );
+zColl = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, pName1);
+if( !zColl ) return;
+pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), zColl, -1, 0);
+if( pColl ){
+if( zColl ){
+reindexDatabases(pParse, zColl);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, zColl);
+}
+return;
+}
+sqlite3DbFree(db, zColl);
+}
+iDb = sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pName1, pName2, &pObjName);
+if( iDb<0 ) return;
+z = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pObjName);
+if( z==0 ) return;
+zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
+pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, z, zDb);
+if( pTab ){
+reindexTable(pParse, pTab, 0);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
+return;
+}
+pIndex = sqlite3FindIndex(db, z, zDb);
+sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
+if( pIndex ){
+sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
+sqlite3RefillIndex(pParse, pIndex, -1);
+return;
+}
+sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unable to identify the object to be reindexed");
+}
+#endif
+/*
+** Return a dynamicly allocated KeyInfo structure that can be used
+** with OP_OpenRead or OP_OpenWrite to access database index pIdx.
+**
+** If successful, a pointer to the new structure is returned. In this case
+** the caller is responsible for calling sqlite3DbFree(db, ) on the returned
+** pointer. If an error occurs (out of memory or missing collation
+** sequence), NULL is returned and the state of pParse updated to reflect
+** the error.
+*/
+KeyInfo *sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(Parse *pParse, Index *pIdx){
+int i;
+int nCol = pIdx->nColumn;
+int nBytes = sizeof(KeyInfo) + (nCol-1)*sizeof(CollSeq*) + nCol;
+sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+KeyInfo *pKey = (KeyInfo *)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nBytes);
+if( pKey ){
+pKey->db = pParse->db;
+pKey->aSortOrder = (u8 *)&(pKey->aColl[nCol]);
+assert( &pKey->aSortOrder[nCol]==&(((u8 *)pKey)[nBytes]) );
+for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
+char *zColl = pIdx->azColl[i];
+assert( zColl );
+pKey->aColl[i] = sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, zColl, -1);
+pKey->aSortOrder[i] = pIdx->aSortOrder[i];
+}
+pKey->nField = nCol;
+}
+if( pParse->nErr ){
+sqlite3DbFree(db, pKey);
+pKey = 0;
+}
+return pKey;
+}