diff -r ffa851df0825 -r 2fb8b9db1c86 symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12/python-2.6.1/Demo/metaclasses/Eiffel.py --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/symbian-qemu-0.9.1-12/python-2.6.1/Demo/metaclasses/Eiffel.py Fri Jul 31 15:01:17 2009 +0100 @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +"""Support Eiffel-style preconditions and postconditions. + +For example, + +class C: + def m1(self, arg): + require arg > 0 + return whatever + ensure Result > arg + +can be written (clumsily, I agree) as: + +class C(Eiffel): + def m1(self, arg): + return whatever + def m1_pre(self, arg): + assert arg > 0 + def m1_post(self, Result, arg): + assert Result > arg + +Pre- and post-conditions for a method, being implemented as methods +themselves, are inherited independently from the method. This gives +much of the same effect of Eiffel, where pre- and post-conditions are +inherited when a method is overridden by a derived class. However, +when a derived class in Python needs to extend a pre- or +post-condition, it must manually merge the base class' pre- or +post-condition with that defined in the derived class', for example: + +class D(C): + def m1(self, arg): + return arg**2 + def m1_post(self, Result, arg): + C.m1_post(self, Result, arg) + assert Result < 100 + +This gives derived classes more freedom but also more responsibility +than in Eiffel, where the compiler automatically takes care of this. + +In Eiffel, pre-conditions combine using contravariance, meaning a +derived class can only make a pre-condition weaker; in Python, this is +up to the derived class. For example, a derived class that takes away +the requirement that arg > 0 could write: + + def m1_pre(self, arg): + pass + +but one could equally write a derived class that makes a stronger +requirement: + + def m1_pre(self, arg): + require arg > 50 + +It would be easy to modify the classes shown here so that pre- and +post-conditions can be disabled (separately, on a per-class basis). + +A different design would have the pre- or post-condition testing +functions return true for success and false for failure. This would +make it possible to implement automatic combination of inherited +and new pre-/post-conditions. All this is left as an exercise to the +reader. + +""" + +from Meta import MetaClass, MetaHelper, MetaMethodWrapper + +class EiffelMethodWrapper(MetaMethodWrapper): + + def __init__(self, func, inst): + MetaMethodWrapper.__init__(self, func, inst) + # Note that the following causes recursive wrappers around + # the pre-/post-condition testing methods. These are harmless + # but inefficient; to avoid them, the lookup must be done + # using the class. + try: + self.pre = getattr(inst, self.__name__ + "_pre") + except AttributeError: + self.pre = None + try: + self.post = getattr(inst, self.__name__ + "_post") + except AttributeError: + self.post = None + + def __call__(self, *args, **kw): + if self.pre: + apply(self.pre, args, kw) + Result = apply(self.func, (self.inst,) + args, kw) + if self.post: + apply(self.post, (Result,) + args, kw) + return Result + +class EiffelHelper(MetaHelper): + __methodwrapper__ = EiffelMethodWrapper + +class EiffelMetaClass(MetaClass): + __helper__ = EiffelHelper + +Eiffel = EiffelMetaClass('Eiffel', (), {}) + + +def _test(): + class C(Eiffel): + def m1(self, arg): + return arg+1 + def m1_pre(self, arg): + assert arg > 0, "precondition for m1 failed" + def m1_post(self, Result, arg): + assert Result > arg + x = C() + x.m1(12) +## x.m1(-1) + +if __name__ == '__main__': + _test()